Table 2.
Regression of Obesity and BMI on Covariates (n=23,434)
| Covariates | Unadjusted OR† (95% CI) of obesity | Adjusted* OR† (95% CI) of obesity | Unadjusted βˆ coefficient (95% CI) for BMI | Adjusted* βˆ coefficient (95% CI) for BMI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18-24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 25-39 | 1.55 (1.34, 1.80) | 1.74 (1.48, 2.03) | 1.95 (1.61, 2.29) | 2.24 (1.88, 2.60) |
| 40-54 | 2.09 (1.80, 2.34) | 2.38 (2.01, 2.80) | 2.96 (2.61, 3.32) | 3.29 (2.91, 3.67) |
| 55+ | 1.78 (1.54, 2.06) | 2.03 (1.71, 2.39) | 2.35 (2.02, 2.68) | 2.77 (2.38, 3.15) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Male | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.12) | 0.55 (0.36, 0.74) | 0.58 (0.39, 0.77) |
| p-value | 0.521 | 0.337 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.66 (1.50, 1.83) | 1.62 (1.46, 1.80) | 1.74 (1.42, 2.07) | 1.66 (1.33, 1.99) |
| Hispanic | 1.25 (1.14, 1.36) | 1.30 (1.16, 1.45) | 0.90 (0.65, 1.14) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.26) |
| Other | 0.61 (0.52, 0.71) | 0.69 (0.59, 0.81) | −1.58 (−1.96, −1.20) | −1.08 (−1.48, −0.69) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Years of Education | ||||
| Less than 9 years | 1.60 (1.35, 1.90) | 1.17 (0.97, 1.42) | 1.62 (1.19, 2.05) | 0.58 (0.11, 1.05) |
| 9-11 years | 1.56 (1.35, 1.81) | 1.33 (1.12, 1.58) | 1.09 (0.67, 1.51) | 0.73 (0.28, 1.18) |
| 12 years | 1.71 (1.54, 1.90) | 1.49 (1.33, 1.68) | 1.57 (1.31, 1.83) | 1.20 (0.93, 1.48) |
| 13-15 years | 1.64 (1.48, 1.82) | 1.60 (1.43, 1.79) | 1.36 (1.10, 1.62) | 1.37 (1.11, 1.62) |
| 16 or more years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Professional | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sales/clerical/tech support | 1.07 (0.95, 1.20) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.97) | 0.13 (−0.19, 0.45) | −0.34 (−0.65, −0.03) |
| Service | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94) | −0.05 (−0.42, 0.31) | −0.75 (−1.12, −0.38) |
| Craft/repair | 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.92) | 0.86 (0.50, 1.21) | −0.52 (−0.90, −0.13) |
| Laborer | 1.43 (1.17, 1.76) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.21) | 1.28 (0.63, 1.93) | −0.06 (−0.70, 0.57) |
| Other | 0.54 (0.34, 0.86) | 0.44 (0.27, 0.71) | −1.05 (−1.83, -0.27) | −1.63 (−2.41, −0.85) |
| Unempl/not in labor force | 1.14 (1.03, 1.25) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.27 (0.01, 0.53) | −0.49 (−0.77, −0.21) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Poverty status | ||||
| <100% | 1.28 (1.14, 1.44) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23) | 0.73 (0.40, 1.07) | 0.45 (0.07, 0.83) |
| 100-199% | 1.43 (1.28, 1.60) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.40) | 0.61 0.28, 0.94) |
| 200-299% | 1.27 (1.13, 1.42) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 0.75 (0.44, 1.06) | 0.22 (-0.09, 0.53) |
| 300-399% | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 0.81 (0.45, 1.17) | 0.36 (0.02, 0.69) |
| 400-499% | 1.30 (1.12, 1.51) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) | 0.73 (0.40, 1.19) | 0.49 (0.11, 0.87) |
| ≥500% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Unknown | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) | −0.01 (−0.30, 0.27) | −0.28 (−0.56, −0.00) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Home ownership | ||||
| Renter | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Owner | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) | 0.02 (−0.19, 0.23) | −0.10 (−0.33, 0.12) |
| p-value | 0.896 | 0.772 | 0.841 | 0.363 |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 1.05 (0.93, 1.20) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) | 0.09 (−0.23, 0.43) | 0.15 (−0.16, 0.47) |
| Midwest | 1.31 (1.17, 1.46) | 1.21 (1.07, 1.37) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.07) | 0.52 (0.19, 0.84) |
| South | 1.34 (1.21, 1.48) | 1.16 (1.05, 1.30) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.03) | 0.31 (0.04, 0.58) |
| West | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.011 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Former smoker | 1.40 (1.25, 1.58) | 1.61 (1.43, 1.82) | 1.18 (0.87, 1.48) | 1.42 (1.10, 1.74) |
| Never smoker | 1.09 (0.98, 1.20) | 1.34 (1.20, 1.50) | 0.29 (0.02, 0.57) | 1.01 (0.72, 1.30) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption status | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Former | 1.40 1.25, 1.57) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.34) | 1.53 (1.20, 1.85) | 0.85 (0.52, 1.19) |
| Infrequent | 1.40 (1.24, 1.57) | 1.31 (1.15, 1.49) | 1.25 (0.88, 1.63) | 0.97 (0.60, 1.34) |
| Light | 0.95 (0.86, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | 0.18 (−0.08, 0.44) | 0.16 (−0.11, 0.44) |
| Moderate | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.92) | −0.38 (−0.69, −0.07) | −0.45 (−0.79, −0.11) |
| Heavy | 0.66 (0.55, 0.79) | 0.63 (0.51, 0.77) | −0.67 (−1.07, −0.27) | −0.70 (−1.12, −0.28) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Adherence to PA recommendations | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| No | 1.83 (1.66, 2.01) | 1.51 (1.36, 1.68) | 1.52 (1.31, 1.74) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.13) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fruit & vegetable consumption | 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.02) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sweets consumption | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) | −0.02(−0.03, −0.01) | −0.04 (−0.06, −0.03) |
| p-value | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.00, 0.02) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.111 | <0.001 | 0.214 |
| Meat consumption | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.13) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.11) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fries consumption | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) | 0.05 (0.00, 0.10) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.018 | <0.001 | 0.037 |
| Wholegrain bread consumption | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | −0.009 (−0.03, 0.01) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) |
| p-value | 0.041 | 0.773 | 0.386 | 0.283 |
| Brown rice consumption | 0.92 (0.89, 0.94) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) | −0.18 (−0.23, −0.14) | −0.11 (−0.16, −0.07) |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cheese consumption | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.05) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.10) |
| p-value | 0.031 | <0.001 | 0.016 | <0.001 |
*
Adjusted for all covariates,
†
OR=Odds ratio