Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Overall Cohort (n = 274) |
HIV-infected (n = 124) |
HIV-uninfected (n = 150) |
p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 54 (48–61) | 53 (48–59) | 55 (49–62) | 0.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.7 | |||
| - Caucasian, n (%) | 213 (78%) | 98 (79%) | 115 (77%) | |
| - Black, n (%) | 47 (17%) | 22 (18%) | 25 (17%) | |
| - Hispanic, n (%) | 8 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 6 (4%) | |
| - Other, n (%) | 6 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (3%) | |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 26.1 (23.7–29.7) | 25.0 (23.1–27.9) | 26.7 (24.1–30.6) | 0.001 |
| Smoking history (pack years), median (IQR) | 1.9 (0–22.1) | 5.7 (0–30.8) | 0 (0–16.5) | 0.01 |
| Smoking history, categorized | ||||
| - Ever smoker, n (%) | 148 (54%) | 74 (57%) | 74 (49%) | 0.1 |
| Injection drug use | ||||
| - Last 6 months, n (%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | 0.9 |
| - Ever, n (%) | 28 (10%) | 18 (15%) | 10 (7%) | 0.03 |
| Prior pneumonia history | ||||
| - Bacterial, n (%) | 22 (8%) | 14 (11%) | 8 (5%) | 0.1 |
| - Pneumocystis, n (%) | 4 (1%) | 4 (3%) | 0 | 0.04 |
| Using ART, n (%) | n/a | 108 (87%) | n/a | n/a |
| HIV viral load, median (IQR) | na | 49 (49–49) | n/a | n/a |
| Viral load undetectable, n (%) | n/a | 97 (81%) | n/a | n/a |
| CD4 count, median (IQR) | n/a | 560 (431–804) | n/a | n/a |
| CD4 count < 200 cells/µl , n (%) | n/a | 2 (2%) | n/a | n/a |
| FEV1%predicted, pre-BD, median (IQR) | 98 (87–110) | 98 (86–109) | 99 (89–110) | 0.3 |
| FEV1%predicted, post-BD, median (IQR) | 103 (91–112) | 101 (90–111) | 104 (92–113) | 0.3 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio, pre-BD, median (IQR) | 77 (71–80) | 77 (70–80) | 77 (72–80) | 0.9 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio, post-BD, median (IQR) | 79 (74–84) | 80 (74–84) | 79 (74–83) | 0.4 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio < 70% | ||||
| - Pre-BD n (%) | 62 (23%) | 33 (27%) | 29 (19%) | 0.1 |
| - Post-BD, n (%) | 41 (15%) | 19 (15%) | 22 (15%) | 0.9 |
| Positive bronchodilator response**, n (%) | 22 (8%) | 13 (11%) | 9 (6%) | 0.2 |
| DLCO %predicted, median (IQR) | 82 (71–92) | 77 (68–92) | 84 (73–92) | 0.03 |
| DLCO < 80 %predicted, n (%) | 123 (45%) | 69 (56%) | 54 (36%) | 0.001 |
ART: antiretroviral therapy, BD: bronchodilator, DLCO: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC: forced vital capacity, IQR: interquartile range
*
From comparison of HIV- and HIV+ group
**
“Bronchodilator response” defined as change in FEV1 or FVC by 12% and 200 mL followed administration of 400 mcg albuterol, as per ATS/ERS criteria