TABLE 3.
Sex-Specific Unadjusted and Multivariate-Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for Risk for CVD Mortality, CHD Mortality, and Stroke Mortality by Hypertension Subtype
| Men (n = 15,868)
|
Women (n = 11,213)
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimal-Normal BP |
High-Normal BP |
ISH | IDH | SDH | Optimal-Normal BP |
High-Normal BP |
ISH | IDH | SDH | |
| CVD mortality | ||||||||||
| Person-yrs of follow-up | 134,247 | 120,694 | 124,588 | 17,741 | 92,124 | 188,288 | 76,827 | 45,054 | 10,198 | 32,839 |
| Number of events (incidence per 100,000 person-yrs) | 221 (165) | 276 (229) | 282 (226) | 79 (445) | 460 (499) | 139 (74) | 73 (95) | 82 (182) | 13 (127) | 103 (314) |
| Relative risk: HR (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Model 1 (unadjusted) | 1 (reference) | 1.39 (1.16–1.66)‡ | 1.39 (1.16–1.65)‡ | 2.75 (2.13–3.56)‡ | 3.16 (2.69–3.71)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.28 (0.96–1.70) | 2.49 (1.90–3.27)‡ | 1.73 (0.98–3.06) | 4.37 (3.39–5.64)‡ |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.31 (1.10–1.57)† | 1.36 (1.14–1.63)† | 1.93 (1.49–2.49)‡ | 2.16 (1.83–2.54)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.78–1.38) | 1.66 (1.26–2.19)‡ | 1.21 (0.68–2.13) | 2.13 (1.64–2.77)‡ |
| Model 3 | 1 (reference) | 1.25 (1.05–1.50)* | 1.23 (1.03–1.46)* | 1.68 (1.29–2.17)‡ | 1.77 (1.49–2.09)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.75–1.33) | 1.55 (1.18–2.05)† | 1.05 (0.59–1.85) | 1.79 (1.36–2.37)‡ |
|
| ||||||||||
| CHD mortality | ||||||||||
| Number of events (incidence per 100,000 person-yrs) | 152 (113) | 200 (166) | 203 (163) | 55 (310) | 315 (342) | 71 (38) | 39 (51) | 60 (133) | 9 (88) | 64 (194) |
| Relative risk: HR (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Model 1 (unadjusted) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.46 (1.18–1.81)‡ | 1.45 (1.18–1.79)† | 2.78 (2.04–3.79)‡ | 3.13 (2.58–3.79)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.34 (0.91–1.98) | 3.57 (2.53–5.04)‡ | 2.35 (1.18–4.71)* | 5.33 (3.80–7.47)‡ |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.38 (1.12–1.70)† | 1.42 (1.15–1.75)† | 1.94 (1.43–2.65)‡ | 2.13 (1.75–2.59)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.09 (0.73–1.61) | 2.35 (1.66–3.33)‡ | 1.62 (0.81–3.25) | 2.58 (1.83–3.66)‡ |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.32 (1.07–1.63)* | 1.28 (1.04–1.58)* | 1.71 (1.25–2.33)† | 1.75 (1.43–2.14)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.70–1.52) | 2.12 (1.49–3.01)‡ | 1.33 (0.66–2.68) | 1.97 (1.36–2.85)‡ |
|
| ||||||||||
| Stroke mortality | ||||||||||
| Number of events (incidence per 100,000 person-yrs) | 24 (18) | 26 (22) | 26 (21) | 6 (34) | 63 (68) | 28 (15) | 17 (22) | 14 (31) | 1 (10) | 18 (55) |
| Relative risk: HR (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Model 1 (unadjusted) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.20 (0.69–2.09) | 1.18 (0.68–2.05) | 1.93 (0.79–4.72) | 4.05 (2.53–6.49)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.48 (0.81–2.70) | 2.10 (1.11–3.99)* | 0.66 (0.90–4.86) | 3.77 (2.09–6.82)‡ |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.66–1.99) | 1.17 (0.67–2.04) | 1.32 (0.54–3.24) | 2.74 (1.70–4.41)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.22 (0.66–2.23) | 1.47 (0.77–2.81) | 0.47 (0.06–3.44) | 1.92 (1.04–3.53)* |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.12 (0.64–1.95) | 1.08 (0.62–1.90) | 1.15 (0.47–2.83) | 2.40 (1.46–3.94)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.23 (0.67–2.25) | 1.46 (0.76–2.82) | 0.45 (0.06–3.30) | 1.91 (1.01–3.62)* |
Sex-specific unadjusted and adjusted HRs (95% CI) for risk of CVD mortality, CHD mortality, and stroke mortality among each hypertension subtype are shown. As adjustment factors, model 2 includes demographic variables (age at baseline, race, and education), and model 3 includes demographic variables plus body mass index, current smoking, total cholesterol, and diabetes. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.
*
p < 0.05;
†
p < 0.01;
‡
p < 0.001.
CHD = coronary heart disease; CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = hazard ratio; other abbreviations as in Table 1.