Fig. 1.

Ratios of total GDGTs obtained from hydrolyzed lipid extract or biomass vary as a function of cell-specific ammonia oxidation rate (ϕ) and specific growth rate (µ) in an isothermal continuous culture of N. maritimus. The abundance of respiratory quinones (MK, relative to total lipids) increases at higher ammonia oxidation rate (A). The RI (B), RI of GDGT-0 to -4 only (C), and TEX₈₆-calculated temperatures (D) decrease at higher ammonia oxidation rates. Dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals on the regression fit through all harvests.