Table S1.

Leaf economics spectrum traits in canopies in western lowland Amazonian forests

Code	Mapped forest type	N	P	LMA
EMS	Early Miocene substrate	2.37 ± 0.20	0.106 ± 0.014B	102.1 ± 5.8C
LMS	Late Miocene substrate	2.23 ± 0.18A	0.095 ± 0.008	106.3 ± 4.8
SPS	Subsidence peatland substrate	2.04 ± 0.27	0.106 ± 0.010B	123.7 ± 15.6
LPS	Late Pleistocene terrace substrate	2.43 ± 0.08	0.112 ± 0.013	106.8 ± 3.5
HPS	Holocene peneplain substrate	2.22 ± 0.14A	0.135 ± 0.008	101.9 ± 2.9C
FAS	Fitzcarrald Arch substrate	2.72 ± 0.17	0.122 ± 0.008	93.1 ± 3.5
PTS	Pleistocene terrace substrate	2.44 ± 0.12	0.132 ± 0.009	103.8 ± 4.2

Each trait was statistically different by forest type (ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD multiple comparisons; P < 0.05) unless noted with a matching superscript letter.