Table 1.
Univariate Associations of Different Forms of Stress in Predicting MDE Onsets
| a. Sample 1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stress Variable | β | SE(β) | HR | 95% Lower CI | 95% Upper CI | p-value |
| Chronic Interpersonal Stress | .729 | .089 | 2.073 | 1.740 | 2.469 | .000 |
| Chronic Non-interpersonal Stress | .536 | .100 | 1.710 | 1.406 | 2.080 | .000 |
| Major Interpersonal SLE | 1.033 | .205 | 2.810 | 1.880 | 4.201 | .000 |
| Major Non-Interpersonal SLE | .735 | .266 | 2.086 | 1.237 | 3.515 | .006 |
| Minor Interpersonal SLE | .328 | .174 | 1.389 | .987 | 1.955 | .060 |
| Minor Non-Interpersonal SLE | −.456 | .245 | .634 | .392 | 1.023 | .062 |
| Major Independent Interpersonal SLE | .881 | .280 | 2.412 | 1.392 | 4.180 | .002 |
| Major Dependent Interpersonal SLE | 1.127 | .243 | 3.086 | 1.917 | 4.969 | .000 |
| Major Independent Non-Interpersonal SLE | .811 | .329 | 2.249 | 1.181 | 4.285 | .014 |
| Major Dependent Non-Interpersonal SLE | .691 | .366 | 1.995 | .974 | 4.086 | .059 |
| Minor Independent Interpersonal SLE | .109 | .234 | 1.115 | .705 | 1.765 | .641 |
| Minor Dependent Interpersonal SLE | .379 | .198 | 1.461 | .992 | 2.153 | .055 |
| Minor Independent Non-Interpersonal SLE | −.500 | .313 | .606 | .328 | 1.119 | .110 |
| Minor Dependent Non-Interpersonal SLE | −.430 | .313 | .650 | .352 | 1.200 | .169 |
| Childhood Adversity Summary Index | .252 | .069 | 1.286 | 1.124 | 1.472 | .000 |
| Adolescent Adversity Summary Index | .279 | .064 | 1.322 | 1.167 | 1.498 | .000 |
| b. Sample 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stress Variable | β | SE(β) | HR | 95% Lower CI | 95% Upper CI | p-value |
| Chronic Interpersonal Stress | .693 | .127 | 2.000 | 1.560 | 2.563 | .000 |
| Chronic Non-interpersonal Stress | .590 | .126 | 1.804 | 1.410 | 2.308 | .000 |
| Major Interpersonal SLE | 1.493 | .223 | 4.452 | 2.873 | 6.899 | .000 |
| Major Non-Interpersonal SLE | 1.499 | .307 | 4.475 | 2.452 | 8.167 | .000 |
| Minor Interpersonal SLE | .431 | .188 | 1.538 | 1.063 | 2.225 | .022 |
| Minor Non-Interpersonal SLE | .272 | .196 | 1.919 | .893 | 1.928 | .166 |
| Major Independent Interpersonal SLE | 1.628 | .274 | 5.095 | 2.978 | 8.717 | .000 |
| Major Dependent Interpersonal SLE | 1.196 | .298 | 3.306 | 1.842 | 5.931 | .000 |
| Major Independent Non-Interpersonal SLE | 1.529 | .392 | 4.613 | 2.140 | 9.942 | .000 |
| Major Dependent Non-Interpersonal SLE | 1.320 | .459 | 3.745 | 1.523 | 9.207 | .004 |
| Minor Independent Interpersonal SLE | .592 | .285 | 1.807 | 1.033 | 3.160 | .038 |
| Minor Dependent Interpersonal SLE | .307 | .199 | 1.359 | .921 | 2.006 | .122 |
| Minor Independent Non-Interpersonal SLE | .693 | .242 | 1.999 | 1.244 | 3.210 | .004 |
| Minor Dependent Non-Interpersonal SLE | −.002 | .226 | .998 | .641 | 1.556 | .994 |
Note. Each form of stress was entered without other stress variables in a Cox regression model predicting MDE onsets. Gender (sample 1 only), number of previous MDEs (0, 1, or 2 or more), and socioeconomic status are covaried. SLE = Stressful Life Event. MDE = Major Depressive Episode.