Table 2.

Possible Outcomes for Patients in the Economic Model, with the Probability of Each Outcome and Associated Health Utility and Costs

Patient Outcome	Health Utility (QALYs)	Cost	Probability without Fluids	Probability with Fluid j
O1: Dies	0	$C_j^F$	$\frac{\exp (\alpha )}{(1+\exp (\alpha ))}$	$\frac{\exp (\alpha +d_j^M)}{(1+\exp (\alpha +d_j^M))}$
O2: Survives, no NS	$q^M$	$C^H+C_j^F$	$(1-\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))})(1-p^B)$	$1-\left(\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{\left(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right)\right)}\right)\left(1-p^B\right)$+$(\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))}-\frac{\exp (\alpha +d_j^M)}{(1+\exp (\alpha +d_j^M))})(1-\frac{p^B\exp \left(d^S\right)}{(1+p^B\exp \left(d^S\right))})$
O3: Survives, NS at 28 d but not long-term	$q^M$	$C^H+C_j^F$	$(1-\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))})(1-p^L)p^B$	$1-\left(\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))}\right)(1-p^L)p^B$+$(\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))}-\frac{\exp (\alpha +d_j^M)}{(1+\exp (\alpha +d_j^M))})\left(\frac{p^B\exp \left(d^S\right)}{(1+p^B\exp \left(d^S\right))}\right)(1-p^L)$
O4: Survives with long-term NS	$q^M-q^S$	$C^H+C^S+C_j^F$	$(1-\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))})p^L{p}^B$	$1-\left(\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))}\right)p^L{p}^B$+$(\frac{\exp \left(\alpha \right)}{(1+\exp \left(\alpha \right))}-\frac{\exp (\alpha +d_j^M)}{(1+\exp (\alpha +d_j^M))})\left(\frac{p^B\exp \left(d^S\right)}{(1+p^B\exp \left(d^S\right))}\right)p^L$

Note: NS = neurological sequelae; QALY = quality-adjusted life-year.