Table 4. Cardiac muscle proteins modulated by endurance training.
| Protein description | UniProt accession number | Publication reference |
|---|---|---|
| Fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation | ||
| Heart Fatty acid binding protein | P07483 | [36] |
| Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha* | P48500 | [63] |
| Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | P15650 | [36, 63] |
| Short-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | P15651 | [36, 56] |
| Enoyl-CoA hydratase | P14604 | [56] |
| Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase | QPWVK7 | [63] |
| Delta(3,5)-Delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase | Q62651 | [63] |
| Electron transport chain | ||
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) alpha subcomplex | Q561S0 | [36, 56] |
| NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 | Q5XIH3 | [36] |
| ATP synthase D-chain | P31399 | [50] |
| ATP synthase O-subunit | Q06647 | [63] |
| ATP synthase subunit alpha* | P15999 | [56] |
| Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha | P13803 | [36] |
| Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta | Q68FU3 | [56] |
| Malate-aspartate shuttle and tricarboxylic acid cycle | ||
| Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic | O88989 | [36, 56, 63] |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | P00507 | [36, 63] |
| Citrate synthase | Q8VHF5 | [63] |
| Aconitase* | Q63270 | [36] |
| Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha | Q99NA5 | [56] |
| Dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase | Q01205 | [50] |
| Antioxidant and heat shock proteins | ||
| Heat shock protein 20 | P97541 | [36, 50] |
| Similar to amine oxidase | P21396 | [63] |
| Stress-70 Protein | P48721 | [56] |
| Antioxidant protein 2 | O35244 | [56] |
| Glutathione peroxidase 1 | P04041 | [56] |
| Thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase reductase | Q9Z0V6 | [63] |
| Sarcomeric proteins | ||
| Alpha actin | P68035 | [36] |
| Alpha cardiac myosin heavy chain | P02563 | [36] |
| Myosin light polypeptide 3 | P16409 | [56] |
| Nebulette | D4A4G1 | [36] |
| Glycolysis | ||
| Triosephosphate isomerase* | P48500 | [50, 56] |
| Similar to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | Q498M9 | [50] |
| High energy phosphate metabolism | ||
| Creatine kinase Basic-type | P07335 | [36] |
| Creatine kinase M-type* | P00564 | [36] |
| Miscellaneous | ||
| 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 | O88761 | [36] |
| A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 3 | Q66HC6 | [56] |
| Aldehyde reductase | P51635 | [56] |
| Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein precursor (Fetuin-A) | P24090 | [36] |
| Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 | O35115 | [36] |
| Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating] | Q02253 | [63] |
| Prohibitin | P67779 | [56] |
| Similar to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 2 | Q4V8F9 | [56] |
Description and UniProt Knowledgebase accession number of proteins identified as differentially expressed in cardiac muscle after a period of endurance training. Proteins are classified and ranked according to biological process.
*
Proteins that are also modulated in skeletal muscle after chronic exercise training (Table 3).