Table 2. Socioeconomic position by subclinical disease in the Jackson Heart Study.
| Total | LVH (n=3114) | PAD (n=4026) | CAC (n=2661) | CIMTa (n=4524) | ||||||||
| N=4766(%) | No | Yes | P | No | Yes | P | None | Any | P | mean(SD) | P | |
| Childhood SEP | ||||||||||||
| Material resources | 3.90(2.54) | 4.4(2.4) | 3.5(2.5) | <.001 | 4.11(2.5) | 2.93(2.5) | <.001 | 4.65(2.25) | 3.28(2.47) | <.001 | ||
| Low | 1371(31%) | 677(25%) | 73(37%) | <.001 | 1034(30%) | 107(51%) | <.001 | 269(19%) | 480(42%) | <.001 | .8(.19) | <.001 |
| Medium | 2022(46%) | 1272(47%) | 96(48%) | 1668(48%) | 77(37%) | 755(54%) | 528(47%) | .71(.17) | ||||
| High | 987(23%) | 740(28%) | 31(16%) | 798(23%) | 25(12%) | 374(27%) | 127(11%) | .63(.14) | ||||
| Mother’s education | ||||||||||||
| < High school | 1815(52%) | 1049(47%) | 102(65%) | <.001 | 1445(51%) | 96(62%) | .019 | 584(49%) | 544(61%) | <.001 | .74(.18) | .001 |
| High school graduate to some college | 906(26%) | 608(27%) | 33(21%) | 731(26%) | 33(21%) | 329(27%) | 197(22%) | .69(.16) | ||||
| College graduate | 798(23%) | 564(25%) | 22(14%) | 662(23%) | 25(16%) | 284(24%) | 149(17%) | .66(.16) | ||||
| Adult SEP | ||||||||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| < High school | 872(19%) | 412(14%) | 59(27%) | .001 | 609(16%) | 89(40%) | <.001 | 137(10%) | 239(20%) | <.001 | .81(.21) | <.001 |
| High school graduate to some college | 1884(40%) | 1155(41%) | 85(40%) | 1544(41%) | 63(28%) | 572(40%) | 450(38%) | .70(.17) | ||||
| College graduate | 1911(41%) | 1282(45%) | 71(33%) | 1576(42%) | 73(32%) | 723(50%) | 493(42%) | .7(.16) | ||||
| Income | ||||||||||||
| <$25,000 | 1425(36%) | 757(32%) | 90(49%) | .001 | 1059(34%) | 91(48%) | .001 | 315(26%) | 331(33%) | <.001 | .74(.2) | <.001 |
| $25,000-49,999 | 1094(28%) | 673(28%) | 47(26%) | 878(28%) | 58(31%) | 357(29%) | 295(29%) | .7(.17) | ||||
| ≥$50,000 | 1412(36%) | 961(40%) | 47(26%) | 1199(38%) | 40(21%) | 539(45%) | 380(38%) | .7(.16) | ||||
Values in the table represent N (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) otherwise; P for unadjusted differences are from Pearson’s chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.
SEP, socioeconomic position; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; CAC, coronary artery calcification; CIMT, carotid intima media thickness; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index.
a. µm.