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. 2016 Apr 12;16(5):3042–3050. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00054

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Probing cell-material interactions at the cell surface and downstream BMP-2 mediated signaling. (A) Whole cell lysates were extracted from C2C12 cells following treatment with strong or weak β-sheet PA assemblies and/or BMP-2. Western blot analysis was performed for phospho-Smad 1/5/8 (p-Smad 1/5/8). (B) Densitometry measurements from Western blot bands in the p-Smad experiment that appears in (A) normalized to β-actin protein content. (C) RT-PCR experiments evaluating gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs following 3 days of culture. Data is normalized to GAPDH and the values from untreated controls (NT) serve as the baseline. Statistical analysis was performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test to compare between groups. ***p < 0.001 compared to untreated controls (NT), †††p < 0.001 comparing between designated groups (n = 3).