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. 2016 Jul 13;30(12):1923–1933. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001126

Fig. 4.

Patients with Candida esophagitis retain immunological impairments after disease resolution and successful combination antiretroviral therapy.

Fig. 4

Immune cell numbers and function of patients with Candida esophagitis 6–18 months before diagnosis (T-1), at the time of diagnosis (ESO), 6–18 months after disease resolution (T1) and after suppression of HIV-1 RNA for at least 2 years (T2). (a) Absolute CD4+ T-cell counts, (b) percentage of PD1+ and CD25+ CD4+ T-cell counts, (c) IFN-γ response of peripheral blood mononuclear cell to staphylococcal enterotoxin B or heat-inactivated C. albicans, (d) IL-17 response of peripheral blood mononuclear cell to staphylococcal enterotoxin B or heat-inactivated C. albicans, (e) percentage of proliferating (CFSEdim) cells in the CD4+ T-cell population after 7 days stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B or heat-inactivated C. albicans, (f) percentage of proliferating (CFSEdim) cells in the CD8+ T-cell population after 7 days stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B or heat-inactivated C. albicans, (g) absolute CD3−CD56+ natural killer cell counts, percentage of CD16+ natural killer cell counts, absolute CD16+CD3−CD56+ natural killer cell counts, (h) percentages of NKG2A+ and NKG2C+ natural killer cell counts, (i) percentage of proliferating (CFSEdim) cells in the natural killer cell population after 7 days stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B or heat-inactivated C. albicans and (j) absolute lineage−CD127+ innate lymphoid cell-count. Shown are median values + interquartile ranges. Broken and dotted lines represent medians of healthy individuals (healthy donor) and HIV-1-infected patients with early initiated combination antiretroviral therapy and a viral load less than 50 copies/ml (viral load <50), respectively. Data (c)–(f) and (i) are shown after subtraction of unstimulated controls. Number of patients T-1/ESO/T1/T2 were n = 12/37/37/8 (a), n = 10/33/34/8 (b), n = 3/18/27/6 (c), n = 1/12/22/6 (d), n = 3/4/6/6 (e and f), n = 10/31/34/8 (g and h), n = 3/4/6/5 (i) and n = 10/31/36/8 (j).