Table 3. Results of Univariate Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for Osteoporosis.

	Femoral Neck			Lumbar Spine			Total Hip
	No OP N=225	OP N=33	p-value	No OP N=234	OP N=24	p-value	No OP N=243	OP N=15	p-value
Age (years)	48	50	0.74	48.7	41.9	0.074	48.5	44.1	0.10
Body Weight (kg)	72.6	58.4	<0.0001	72.5	55.5	0.0002	72.6	53.6	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.7	20.5	0.0004	24.8	19.7	<0.0001	24.6	19.4	0.0003
Average NIH Organ Scorea	1.1	1.4	0.038	1.1	1	0.71	1.1	1	0.45
25-OH Vitamin D (ng/mL)	30	32	0.70	30	30	0.62	30	32	0.44
Sodium (mmol/L)	138	140	0.11	139	139.5	0.63	139	140	0.47
Prednisone Dose (mg/kg/day)	0.08	0.1	0.79	0.07	0.19	0.032	0.07	0.16	0.71
Platelet Count (K/μL)	235	307	0.0065	239	241	0.76	239	336	0.0025
CRP (mg/L)	1.88	0.7	0.023	1.77	0.81	0.17	1.7	0.76	0.41
C3 (mg/dL)	134.3	131.5	0.28	135	116	0.0073	133.4	128	0.67
Sex
Male	132	13	0.041	130	15	0.6665	140	5	0.11
Female	93	20		104	9		103	10
Smoking History
Yes	83	14		88	9		92	5
No	135	16	0.43	138	13	1.00	143	8	1.00
Unknown	7	3		8	2		8	2
Alcohol History
Yes	152	13		152	13		159	6
No	64	17	0.0061	72	9	0.48	74	7	0.13
Unknown	9	3		10	2		10	2
Physical Activity
Normal	51	4	0.01	51	4	0.52	54	1	0.15
Fairly Normal	110	16		114	12		117	9
Fairly Inactive	30	1		30	1		30	1
Inactive	25	11		31	5		32	4
Normal or Fairly Normal	161	20	0.20	165	16	1.00	171	10	0.56
Inactive or Fairly Inactive	55	12		61	6		62	5
Nutrition
Well-Nourished	155	12		157	10		162	5
Suspected Malnutrition	52	14	<0.0001	59	7	0.0011	60	6	0.0002
Severe Malnutrition	8	6		9	5		10	4
Well-Nourished	155	12	0.0002	157	10	0.030	162	5	0.0076
Malnutrition	60	20		68	12		70	10
Anti-Depressant
Yes	65	12	0.42	67	10	0.24	70	7	0.15
No	160	21		167	14		173	8
Yesb
SSRI	42	10	0.32	44	8	0.48	46	6	0.42
Other	23	2		23	2		24	1
SSRIc
Yes	42	10	0.16	44	8	0.11	46	6	0.088
No	183	23		190	16		197	9
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Yes	118	17	1.00	125	10	0.29	125	10	0.30
No	107	16		109	14		118	5
Anti-Resorptive
Yes	34	15	0.0002	45	4	1.00	44	5	0.17
No	191	18		189	20		199	10

All comparisons for continuous variables were performed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. All comparisons for dichotomous variables were performed using Fisher's Exact Test. All comparisons for ordered categorical variables were performed using the Cochrane-Armitage Test. All p-values are two-tailed and are presented without adjustment for multiple comparisons. Tests for which p<0.005 (bold) should be considered statistically significant while tests for which 0.005<p<0.05 (italics) may be considered as exhibiting strong trends toward statistical significance.

Abbreviations: OP–osteoporosis, CRP–C-reactive protein, C3–complement component 3, SSRI–selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

^aDefinition of average NIH organ score is as follows: sum of all NIH organ scores (per NIH organ staging; 28) divided by number of organs assessed (7 for men, 8 for women).

^bComparison of patients currently taking SSRI vs. patients taking non-SSRI anti-depressant.

^cComparison of patients currently taking SSRI vs. patients taking non-SSRI or no anti-depressant.