Table 2.
Differences in echocardiogram parameters between controls and adolescents with T1D.
| Measures of left ventricular size and function | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 Diabetes (n=41) | Controls (n=48) | P-value | |
| LVIDd (cm) | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.09 |
| LVIDs (cm) | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 0.03 |
| FS (%) | 33.6 ± 6.0 | 35.8 ± 7.1 | 0.12 |
| IVSd (cm) | 0.84 ± 0.14 | 0.77 ± 0.14 | 0.03 |
| LVPWd (cm) | 0.83 ± 0.12 | 0.78 ± 0.12 | 0.04 |
| End-diastolic volume (cm3) | 79.2 ± 20.2 | 73.4 ± 18.5 | 0.17 |
| End-systolic volume (cm3) | 27.1 ± 8.0 | 25.2 ± 8.0 | 0.28 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 65.7 ± 6.3 | 66.0 ± 5.0 | 0.86 |
| LVM (g) | 119.9 ± 29.9 | 103.3 ± 27.7 | 0.008 |
| Indexed LVM (g/m2.7) | 29.9 ± 7.1 | 27.0 ± 6.1 | 0.04 |
| Indexed LVM (g/BSA) | 71.6 ± 18.8 | 63.9 ± 14.4 | 0.03 |
| LVH (%) | 10% | 8% | 0.82 |
| IVSd >1 cm (%) | 10% | 0% | 0.03 |
| LVPWd >1 cm (%) | 7% | 2% | 0.23 |
| Speckle Tracking Parameters | |||
| Longitudinal strain (%) | −18.5 ± 2.5 | −18.4 ± 2.3 | 0.82 |
| Circumferential strain (%)* | −20.9 (−22.3, −18.1) | −22.7 (−25.5, −19.7) | 0.02 |
| Apical rotation (%) | 7.8 ± 3.7 | 6.7 ± 4.3 | 0.33 |
| Traditional Echocardiogram and Tissue Doppler Measurements | |||
| Mitral Peak E velocity (m/s) | 0.92 ± 0.18 | 0.91 ± 0.15 | 0.86 |
| Mitral Peak A velocity (m/s) | 0.38 ± 0.10 | 0.41 ± 0.08 | 0.12 |
| Mitral inflow E/A | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.15 |
| Deceleration Time (ms) | 217 ± 51 | 197 ± 40 | 0.04 |
| Lateral peak E’ (cm/s) | 18.8 ± 3.3 | 18.0 ± 2.6 | 0.19 |
| Lateral peak A’ (cm/s) | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 0.94 |
| Lateral E/E’ | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 0.66 |
| Septal E/E’ | 7.0 ± 1.5 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 0.20 |
| Septal E/A | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.12 |
Data presented as mean and SD unless otherwise specified.
*
Median, P25–P75.