Table 3.
Differences in clinical parameters between adolescent boys and girls with and without T1D.
| Type 1 Diabetes (n=41) | Control (n=48) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females (n=22) | Males (n=19) | P-value | Females (n=32) | Males (n=16) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 15.0 ± 2.1 | 14.9 ± 1.8 | 0.93 | 15.2 ± 2.1 | 14.8 ± 2.0 | 0.44 |
| BMI percentile | 58±26 | 58±30 | 0.95 | 63±17 | 46±26 | 0.01 |
| BMI z-score* | 0.29 (−0.10–0.83) | 0.45 (−0.26–1.05) | 0.98 | 0.42 (0.11–0.89) | −0.17 (−0.75–0.70) | 0.03 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 39.7 ± 4.8 | 49.0 ± 7.5 | <0.0001 | 36.6 ± 4.0 | 45.5 ± 11.8 | 0.0004 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 16.7 ± 6.9 | 14.6 ± 8.7 | 0.38 | 21.9 ± 16.1 | 9.5 ± 4.8 | 0.0003 |
| Tanner stage* | 5 (4–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.001 | 5 (4–5) | 4 (3–4) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes Duration (years) | 3.8 (1.1–10.6) | 5.7 (1.9–7.5) | 0.36 | – | – | – |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.2 ± 1.3 | 8.4 ± 1.6 | 0.57 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 0.04 |
| Leptin (ng/mL)* | 14.5 (12.2–18.8) | 3.3 (2.9–13.3) | 0.003 | 11.2 (9.4–16.2) | 2.5 (1.6–6.7) | <0.0001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 12.2 ± 7.0 | 10.6 ± 4.4 | 0.39 | 8.3 ± 2.9 | 10.5 ± 4.0 | 0.048 |
| Physical Activity (METs) | 65.2 ± 13.8 | 62.0 ± 8.9 | 0.41 | 59.2 ± 15.1 | 60.3 ± 109 | 0.82 |
| Heart Rate (min−1) | 71 ± 14 | 62 ± 10 | 0.07 | 70 ± 27 | 58 ± 9 | 0.24 |
| Resting systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 114 ± 13 | 119 ± 11 | 0.26 | 112 ± 8 | 114 ± 8 | 0.52 |
| Resting diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68 ± 9 | 67 ± 8 | 0.69 | 66 ± 7 | 67 ± 7 | 0.66 |
*
Median, Q25–Q75.
**
Corrected for serum glucose.