Table 4.
Differences in echo parameters between adolescent boys and girls with and without T1D adjusted by Tanner stage.
| Measures of left ventricular size and function | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes | Control | |||||
| Females (n=22) | Males (n=19) | P-value | Females (n=32) | Males (n=16) | P-value | |
| LVIDd (cm) | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 0.15 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 0.006 |
| LVIDs (cm) | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 0.09 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 0.04 |
| FS (%) | 34.7 ± 2.2 | 33.5 ± 1.8 | 0.59 | 38.0 ± 2.1 | 36.2 ± 1.9 | 0.53 |
| IVSd (cm) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.04 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.009 |
| LVPWd (cm) | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.06 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.003 |
| End-diastolic volume (cm3) | 66.3 ± 6.3 | 83.2 ± 5.3 | 0.01 | 58.1 ± 4.4 | 85.3 ± 4.0 | <0.0001 |
| End-systolic volume (cm3) | 23.4 ± 2.7 | 28.0 ± 2.2 | 0.10 | 18.8 ± 1.8 | 31.0 ± 1.6 | <0.0001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 64.5 ± 2.3 | 65.6 ± 1.9 | 0.63 | 67.3 ± 1.5 | 64.2 ± 1.4 | 0.15 |
| LVM (g) | 108.8 ± 8.8 | 134.7 ± 7.3 | 0.006 | 85.4 ± 7.0 | 124.3 ± 6.3 | <0.0001 |
| Indexed LVM (g/m2.7) | 31.9 ± 2.2 | 32.6 ± 1.8 | 0.74 | 26.2 ± 1.8 | 30.2 ± 1.6 | 0.11 |
| Indexed LVM (g/BSA) | 75.1 ± 5.5 | 80.0 ± 4.5 | 0.38 | 59.5 ± 3.8 | 75.6 ± 3.5 | 0.004 |
| Speckle tracking parameters | ||||||
| Longitudinal strain (%) | −19.7 ± 0.9 | −17.5 ± 1.0 | 0.047 | −19.1 ± 0.8 | −17.3 ± 0.9 | 0.17 |
| Circumferential strain (%)* | −21.4 (−24.6, −18.7) | − 19.0 (−21.8, −16.4) | 0.10 | −22.2 (−26.8, −19.9) | −23.1 (−25.3, −19.4) | 0.71 |
| Apical rotation (%)** | 10.4 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 1.1 | 0.52 | 9.5 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 0.005 |
| Traditional echo and tissue Doppler measurements | ||||||
| Mitral Peak E velocity (m/s) | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.14 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.19 |
| Mitral Peak A velocity (m/s) | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.77 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.27 |
| Mitral inflow E/A | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 0.47 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 0.17 |
| Deceleration Time (ms) | 207 ± 18 | 221 ± 15 | 0.46 | 200 ± 12 | 184 ± 11 | 0.32 |
| Lateral peak E’ (cm/s) | 18.8 ± 1.1 | 18.8 ± 0.9 | 0.97 | 18.6 ± 0.8 | 18.6 ± 0.7 | 0.99 |
| Lateral peak A’ (cm/s) | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 0.78 | 6.0 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 0.98 |
| Lateral E/E’ | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 0.41 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 0.48 |
| Septal A/E | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 0.25 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 0.08 |
| Septal E/E’ | 7.8 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 0.06 | 6.6 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 0.4 | 0.96 |
Data presented as least squares means (LSM) and SE unless otherwise specified.
*
Geometric least squares means and 95% CI.
**
Model include interaction between sex and diabetes status.