. 2016 Jul 19;7:1053. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01053

Table 1.

Relative abundance of bacterial and fungal genera in the phyllosphere microbial populations of experiment 1 and experiment 2, which comprise known biocontrol agents against Plasmopara viticola.

Genus¹	Relative abundance²
	UNT T0	H₂O T0	NB T0	LAM T0	H₂O T1	NB T1	LAM T1
EXPERIMENT 1
Bacillus	0.00 ± 0^a	0.02 ± 0.02^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a
Lysobacter	0.64 ± 0.24^a	0.78 ± 0.29^a	0.57 ± 0.46^a	0.19 ± 0.12^ab	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b
Stenotrophomonas	0.99 ± 0.85^ab	0.16 ± 0.02^abc	1.41 ± 1.04^a	0.16 ± 0.10^abc	0.00 ± 0^c	0.02 ± 0.02^bc	0.00 ± 0^c
Alternaria	0.00 ± 0^c	0.02 ± 0.02^bc	0.00 ± 0^c	0.00 ± 0^c	0.00 ± 0^c	0.10 ± 0.05^a	0.03 ± 0.02^b
Aureobasidium	0.00 ± 0^b	0.05 ± 0.03^a	0.02 ± 0.02^ab	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.05 ± 0.03^a
Fusarium	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.03 ± 0.03^a
Trichoderma	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.02 ± 0.02^a	0.00 ± 0^a
Penicillium	4.95 ± 1.00^a	1.48 ± 0.18^b	2.21 ± 0.79^ab	2.27 ± 0.99^ab	2.68 ± 0.90^ab	2.34 ± 0.70^ab	2.37 ± 0.94^ab
Acremonium	2.47 ± 0.93^a	0.98 ± 0.16^a	0.98 ± 0.36^a	4.38 ± 2.96^a	1.77 ± 1.16^a	1.35 ± 070^a	2.95 ± 0.49^a
EXPERIMENT 2
Bacillus	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a
Lysobacter	0.02 ± 0.02^ab	0.00 ± 0^b	0.16 ± 0.13^a	0.07 ± 0.07^ab	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b
Stenotrophomonas	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a
Alternaria	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.07 ± 0.03^a	0.00 ± 0^b	0.07 ± 0.07^ab	0.00 ± 0^b
Aureobasidium	0.02 ± 0.02^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.02 ± 0.02^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.10 ± 0.03^ab	0.56 ± 0.31^a	0.34 ± 0.22^a
Fusarium	0.03 ± 0.03^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.12 ± 0.12^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a	0.00 ± 0^a
Trichoderma	0.02 ± 0.02^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.05 ± 0.05^ab	0.02 ± 0.02^b	0.00 ± 0^b	0.08 ± 0.02^a	0.00 ± 0^b
Penicillium	17.15 ± 4.62^a	5.44 ± 0.50^a	12.35 ± 8.27^a	19.44 ± 10.79^a	6.79 ± 1.08^a	5.22 ± 1.35^a	4.21 ± 1.17^a
Acremonium	11.49 ± 8.34^a	1.55 ± 0.59^a	10.21 ± 9.88^a	4.29 ± 2.02^a	9.43 ± 3.80^a	2.71 ± 1.73^a	14.40 ± 13.47^a

Bacterial genera comprising known biocontrol agents against downy mildew: Bacillus spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Gessler et al., 2011), Lysobacter capsici (Puopolo et al., 2014), Alternaria alternata (Musetti et al., 2006), Aureobasidium pullulans (Harm et al., 2011), Fusarium proliferatum (Falk et al., 1996), Trichoderma harzianum (Perazzolli et al., 2011), Penicillium chrysogenum (Thuerig et al., 2006), and Acremonium byssoides (Burruano et al., 2008) identified on grapevine leaves in the two experiments under greenhouse conditions (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2).

Percentages of relative abundance of bacterial and fungal genera with possible biocontrol activities were determined for leaves of untreated plants (UNT), plants treated with water (H₂O), nutrient broth (NB) or laminarin (LAM), collected just before (T0) and 1 day after (T1) Plasmopara viticola inoculation and normalized to the lowest number of quality filtered reads in the Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. The mean and standard error values of three replicates (each as a pool of two plants) were analyzed for each treatment and each time point. For each genus, different superscript letters indicate the significant differences according to Fisher's test (α = 0.05).