Fig 1.

The spectrum of immune-related adverse events reported with checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The irAEs are graded based on severity from grade 1 to 4. Grade 2 to 3 reactions are typically managed by temporarily withholding medication with or without systemic corticosteroids. Grade 4 or grade 3 reaction that recurs is indication for discontinuing medication. Cutaneous irAEs can be managed with topical steroids if mild but may require systemic corticosteroids with long tapers to prevent recurrence. (*) indicates irAE reported in the literature in single case report. CN, Cranial nerve; GI, gastrointestinal.