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. 2015 Oct 9;72(2):203–209. doi: 10.1002/ps.4147

Figure 1.

PS-4147-FIG-0001-c

Mechanisms that microbes can contribute to reduction in herbicide efficacy by metabolism, either by (1) free living in soil, (2) cohabiting and cometabolising within plant tissues or (3) induction of stress responses in the host plant to withstand the downstream toxicity caused by herbicides, thereby making them more tolerant.