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. 2016 Apr 25;57(6):879–888. doi: 10.1111/epi.13389

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Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 The Authors. Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Mean ripple rates and standard errors of the mean for channels in the normal zone (NoZ) with no epileptic activity or other abnormalities, in the exclusively irritative zone (EIZ) exhibiting epileptic activity outside the seizure‐onset zone, and in the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ). The mean ripple rate in NoZ was significantly higher in phasic REM sleep compared to tonic REM sleep (p < 0.001), whereas the opposite was true for ripples in channels with epileptic activity both outside and inside the SOZ (both p‐values < 0.001). In addition, differences between zones in phasic and tonic segments were significant except between NoZ and EIZ during phasic REM sleep (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001).