Table 1.
Mean (SD) and frequency (%) for maternal and child characteristics in Portuguese children whose mother smoked in pregnancy and those whose mother did not
| Characteristics | n † | All | Non‐smoker | Smoker | Difference* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (16 680) | (14 397 86.3%) | (2283, 13.7%) | |||
| Maternal BMI (kg m−2) | 15 633 | 24.0 (4.0) | 24.1 (3.9) | 23.3 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Maternal age (year) | 16 300 | 29.3 (5.3) | 29.4 (5.3) | 28.7 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Birthweight (g) | 15 965 | 3213 (524) | 3235 (521) | 3072 (519) | <0.001 |
| Gestational age (week) | 14 672 | 38.7 (2.0) | 38.7 (2.0) | 38.7 (2.2) | 0.40 |
| <32 weeks | 146 (1.0%) | 117 (0.9%) | 29 (1.4%) | 0.03 | |
| 32–38 weeks | 2540 (17.3%) | 2170 (17.1%) | 370 (18.5%) | ||
| >38 weeks | 11 986 (81.7%) | 10 380 (81.9%) | 1606 (80.1%) | ||
| Breastfeeding | 15 958 | 13 822 (86.6%) | 12 044 (87.5%) | 1778 (81.1%) | <0.001 |
| Parity | 16 198 | ||||
| First | 9008 (55.6%) | 7842 (56.0%) | 1166 (53.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Second | 5679 (35.1%) | 4959 (35.4%) | 720 (32.8%) | ||
| Third or higher | 1511 (9.3%) | 1205 (8.6%) | 306 (14.0%) | ||
| Maternal education | 16 318 | <0.001 | |||
| Primary | 3032 (18.6%) | 2499 (17.7%) | 533 (24.1%) | ||
| Secondary | 7661 (46.9%) | 6513 (46.2%) | 1148 (52.0%) | ||
| University | 5625 (34.5%) | 5098 (36.1%) | 527 (23.9%) | ||
| Maternal employment | 16 067 | 13 516 (84.1%) | 11 889 (85.4%) | 1627 (75.9%) | <0.001 |
| Lone mother | 16 317 | 2313 (14.2%) | 1733 (12.3%) | 580 (26.0%) | <0.001 |
| TV viewing time | 14 939 | <0.001 | |||
| <1 h day−1 | 3619 (24.2%) | 3232 (26.0%) | 387 (19.5%) | ||
| 1–2 h day−1 | 6470 (43.3%) | 5645 (43.6%) | 825 (41.5%) | ||
| ≥2 h day−1 | 4850 (32.5%) | 4073 (31.5%) | 777 (39.1%) |
*P < 0.05 for difference by maternal smoking based on t‐test for continuous variables and on chi‐squared test for categorical variables.
†Children (3–10 years) with adiposity measures. BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.