Table 3.
Demographic and sexual characteristics associated with at least one β-HPV type DNA detected in the anal canal in 717 men participating in the HPV Infection in Men Study.
| Characteristics | Anal canal (N=717) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Negative (N=328) | Positive (N=389) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | |
| Country of residence | ||||
| US | 122 (37.2) | 116 (29.8) | 0.50 (0.35–0.72) | 0.55 (0.38–0.80) |
| Brazil | 124 (37.8) | 117 (30.1) | 0.50 (0.34–0.72) | 0.49 (0.33–0.73) |
| Mexico | 82 (25.0) | 156 (40.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–30 | 165 (50.3) | 160 (41.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
| 31–44 | 129 (39.3) | 169 (43.4) | 1.35 (0.99–1.85) | 1.30 (0.93–1.82) |
| 45–70 | 34 (10.4) | 60 (15.4) | 1.82 (1.13–2.92) | 1.59 (0.98–2.58) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 185 (56.4) | 185 (47.6) | Ref. | - |
| Black or African American | 53 (16.2) | 41 (10.5) | 0.77 (0.49–1.22) | - |
| Asian/pacific islander | 3 (0.9) | 9 (2.3) | 3.00 (0.80–11.26) | - |
| Other/mixed race | 75 (22.9) | 136 (35.0) | 1.81 (1.28–2.57) | - |
| Refused | 12 (3.7) | 18 (4.6) | 1.50 (0.70–3.20) | - |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 119 (36.5) | 192 (49.6) | Ref. | - |
| Non-Hispanic | 207 (63.5) | 195 (50.4) | 0.58 (0.43–0.79) | - |
| Education (years) | ||||
| ≤12 | 123 (38) | 189 (48.7) | Ref. | - |
| 13–15 | 100 (30.9) | 97 (25.0) | 0.63 (0.44–0.91) | - |
| ≥16 | 101 (31.2) | 102 (26.3) | 0.66 (0.46–0.94) | - |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 147 (45.1) | 139 (35.8) | Ref. | - |
| Married/Cohabiting | 151 (46.3) | 211 (54.4) | 1.48 (1.08–2.02) | - |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 28 (8.6) | 38 (9.8) | 1.44 (0.84–2.46) | - |
| Circumcision | ||||
| Not Circumcised | 200 (61.0) | 254 (65.3) | Ref. | - |
| Circumcised | 128 (39.0) | 135 (34.7) | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | - |
| Lifetime number of female sex partners | ||||
| 0 | 41 (12.6) | 57 (14.8) | Ref. | - |
| 1 | 28 (8.6) | 32 (8.3) | 0.82 (0.43–1.57) | - |
| 2–9 | 116 (35.7) | 159 (41.3) | 0.99 (0.62–1.57) | - |
| 10–49 | 117 (36.0) | 123 (32.0) | 0.76 (0.47–1.22) | - |
| +50 | 23 (7.1) | 14 (3.6) | 0.44 (0.2–0.95) | - |
| Lifetime number of male anal sex partners | ||||
| 0 | 274 (85.9) | 327 (86.3) | Ref. | - |
| 1–9 | 29 (9.1) | 34 (9.0) | 0.98 (0.58–1.65) | - |
| +10 | 16 (5.0) | 18 (4.8) | 0.94 (0.47–1.88) | - |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| MSW | 242 (74.7) | 282 (73.4) | Ref. | - |
| MSM | 8 (2.5) | 11 (2.9) | 1.18 (0.47–2.98) | - |
| MSWM | 42 (13.0) | 46 (12.0) | 0.94 (0.60–1.48) | - |
| Virgins | 32 (9.9) | 45 (11.7) | 1.21 (0.74–1.96) | - |
| Cigarette smoking status | ||||
| Current | 65 (19.9) | 77 (19.8) | 0.94 (0.64–1.37) | - |
| Former | 73 (22.3) | 73 (18.8) | 0.79 (0.54–1.15) | - |
| Never | 189 (57.8) | 239 (61.4) | Ref. | - |
| Alcoholic drinks (per month) | ||||
| 0 | 69 (21.8) | 106 (27.9) | Ref. | - |
| 1–30 | 245 (77.3) | 269 (70.8) | 0.72 (0.50–1.01) | - |
| >30 | 3 (1.0) | 5 (1.3) | 1.09 (0.25–4.69) | - |
Ref. – Reference value (1.00). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using logistic regression to assess factors associated with any β-HPV detection. Backwards elimination was used to determine factors independently associated with any β-HPV detection at each anatomic site with p value ≤ 0.20 chosen as the priori cutoff for retention in the multivariable model.