Table 4.
Demographic and sexual characteristics associated with at least one β-HPV type DNA detected in the oral cavity in 717 men participating in the HPV Infection in Men Study.
| Characteristics | Oral (N=717) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Negative (N=507) | Positive (N=210) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | |
| Country of residence | ||||
| US | 186 (36.7) | 52 (24.8) | 0.40 (0.27–0.6) | 0.39 (0.26–0.60) |
| Brazil | 181 (35.7) | 60 (28.6) | 0.47 (0.32–0.7) | 0.46 (0.31–0.70) |
| Mexico | 140 (27.6) | 98 (46.7) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–30 | 246 (48.5) | 79 (37.6) | Ref. | Ref. |
| 31–44 | 207 (40.8) | 91 (43.3) | 0.84 (0.58–1.22) | 1.19 (0.82–1.74) |
| 45–70 | 54 (10.7) | 40 (19.1) | 2.31 (1.43–3.73) | 1.79 (1.09–2.96) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 284 (56) | 86 (41.0) | Ref. | - |
| Black or African American | 70 (13.8) | 24 (11.4) | 1.13 (0.67–1.91) | - |
| Asian/pacific islander | 9 (1.8) | 3 (1.4) | 1.10 (0.29–4.16) | - |
| Other/mixed race | 123 (24.3) | 88 (41.9) | 2.36 (1.64–3.40) | - |
| Refused | 21 (4.1) | 9 (4.3) | 1.42 (0.63–3.20) | - |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 194 (38.6) | 117 (55.7) | Ref. | - |
| Non-Hispanic | 309 (61.4) | 93 (44.3) | 0.50 (0.36–0.69) | - |
| Education (years) | ||||
| ≤12 | 207 (41.2) | 105 (50.0) | Ref. | - |
| 13–15 | 145 (28.9) | 52 (24.8) | 0.71 (0.48–1.05) | - |
| ≥16 | 150 (29.9) | 53 (25.2) | 0.70 (0.47–1.03) | - |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 219 (43.5) | 67 (31.9) | Ref. | - |
| Married/Cohabiting | 239 (47.4) | 123 (58.6) | 1.68 (1.19–2.39) | - |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 46 (9.1) | 20 (9.5) | 1.42 (0.79–2.57) | - |
| Circumcision | ||||
| Not Circumcised | 310 (61.1) | 144 (68.6) | Ref. | - |
| Circumcised | 197 (38.9) | 66 (31.4) | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | - |
| Lifetime number of female sex partners | ||||
| 0 | 70 (13.9) | 28 (13.5) | Ref. | - |
| 1 | 44 (8.8) | 16 (7.7) | 0.91 (0.44–1.87) | - |
| 2–9 | 188 (37.5) | 87 (41.8) | 1.16 (0.70–1.92) | - |
| 10–49 | 171 (34.1) | 69 (33.2) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | - |
| +50 | 29 (5.8) | 8 (3.9) | 0.69 (0.28–1.69) | - |
| Lifetime number of male anal sex partners | ||||
| 0 | 420 (85.5) | 181 (87.4) | Ref. | - |
| 1–9 | 43 (8.8) | 20 (9.7) | 1.08 (0.62–1.89) | - |
| +10 | 28 (5.7) | 6 (2.9) | 0.50 (0.20–1.22) | - |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| MSW | 366 (73.2) | 158 (76.0) | Ref. | - |
| MSM | 14 (2.8) | 5 (2.4) | 0.83 (0.29–2.34) | - |
| MSWM | 66 (13.2) | 22 (10.6) | 0.77 (0.46–1.30) | - |
| Virgins | 54 (10.8) | 23 (11.1) | 0.99 (0.59–1.66) | - |
| Cigarette smoking status | ||||
| Current | 111 (21.9) | 31 (14.8) | 0.58 (0.37–0.90) | 0.50 (0.32–0.80) |
| Former | 107 (21.2) | 39 (18.6) | 0.75 (0.49–1.14) | 0.74 (0.48–1.13) |
| Never | 288 (56.9) | 140 (66.7) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Alcoholic drinks (per month) | ||||
| 0 | 119 (24.1) | 56 (27.6) | Ref. | - |
| 1–30 | 368 (74.5) | 146 (71.9) | 0.84 (0.58–1.22) | - |
| >30 | 7 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0.30 (0.04–2.53) | - |
Ref. – Reference value (1.00). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using logistic regression to assess factors associated with any β-HPV detection. Backwards elimination was used to determine factors independently associated with any β-HPV detection at each anatomic site with p value ≤ 0.20 chosen as the priori cutoff for retention in the multivariable model.