Fig. 4.

Median-Joining Network showing clusters of mtDNA D-loop haplotypes produced by analyzing 1290 worldwide reference sequences obtained from GeneBank in addition to present 33 sequences. Haplotype numbers are shown next to nodes, the geographical locations of sequences are given in color, node size is proportional to the frequency of the corresponding haplotypes as shown in the numbered circles, and the numbers on the line correspond to mutational positions connecting haplotypes. Empty circles are median vectors used in connecting indirectly related haplotypes. Clades A and E are relevant for this study.