. 2016 Jul 19;16:230. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1189-7

Table 3.

Effect of FXM and its fractions on carrageenan induced paw edema in rat

Treatment	Dose/route	Mean paw volume before carrageenan injection	Increase in paw volume (ml) after carrageenan injection (Mean ± SD)/Percent inhibition of edema
			+1 h	+2 h	+3 h	+4 h
Saline	2 ml, i.p.	1.12 ± 0.08	2.58 ± 0.09	2.67 ± 0.09	2.21 ± 0.09	1.81 ± 0.11
FXM	100 mg/kg, p.o.	1.11 ± 0.08	2.52 ± 0.06	2.30 ± 0.09	2.12 ± 0.20	1.48 ± 0.08
			5.88 ± 1.99^c	19.72 ± 2.39^cde	35.84 ± 12.89^cd	45.28 ± 4.02^bc
FXM	200 mg/kg, p.o.	1.17 ± 0.09	2.44 ± 0.04	2.05 ± 0.06	1.92 ± 0.04	1.45 ± 0.06
			15.34 ± 7.95^b	41.07 ± 5.00^b	52.51 ± 8.30^b	58.52 ± 8.19^b
FXH	100 mg/kg, p.o.	1.15 ± 0.08	2.61 ± 0.08	2.56 ± 0.09	2.51 ± 0.11	1.71 ± 0.08
			2.84 ± 2.42^c	4.99 ± 3.22^g	13.44 ± 5.41^e	18.81 ± 2.21^e
FXH	200 mg/kg, p.o.	1.11 ± 0.05	2.55 ± 0.05	2.33 ± 0.06	2.32 ± 0.05	1.61 ± 0.04
			3.96 ± 2.28^c	17.89 ± 2.03^de	23.29 ± 4.53^de	27.88 ± 6.75^de
FXC	100 mg/kg, p.o.	1.14 ± 0.06	2.58 ± 0.06	2.21 ± 0.06	2.06 ± 0.13	1.53 ± 0.08
			3.85 ± 1.85^c	28.28 ± 3.11^c	42.12 ± 7.49^bc	43.57 ± 5.21^bc
FXC	200 mg/kg, p.o.	1.09 ± 0.04	2.17 ± 0.04	1.71 ± 0.03	1.53 ± 0.04	1.25 ± 0.04
			29.19 ± 4.60^a	59.67 ± 3.23^a	73.29 ± 2.65^a	77.64 ± 3.04^a
FXE	100 mg/kg, p.o.	1.12 ± 0.07	2.59 ± 0.06	2.47 ± 0.04	2.34 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.08
			1.71 ± 0.82^c	8.76 ± 3.66^fg	22.32 ± 6.02^de	36.22 ± 8.23^cd
FXE	200 mg/kg, p.o.	1.12 ± 0.06	2.56 ± 0.07	2.25 ± 0.05	2.18 ± 0.05	1.49 ± 0.05
			4.08 ± 1.78^c	23.60 ± 2.10^cd	32.38 ± 4.66^cd	45.77 ± 4.22^bc
FXB	100 mg/kg, p.o.	1.11 ± 0.06	2.59 ± 0.04	2.50 ± 0.05	2.32 ± 0.07	1.62 ± 0.07
			1.49 ± 1.71^c	6.25 ± 1.15^fg	23.07 ± 4.45^de	25.68 ± 3.08^de
FXB	200 mg/kg, p.o.	1.11 ± 0.06	2.55 ± 0.07	2.30 ± 0.06	2.19 ± 0.08	1.52 ± 0.06
			3.63 ± 1.31^c	19.84 ± 3.34^cde	31.08 ± 5.33^cd	39.89 ± 7.36^cd
FXA	100 mg/kg, p.o.	1.10 ± 0.06	2.58 ± 0.06	2.48 ± 0.09	2.50 ± 0.08	1.70 ± 0.05
			1.60 ± 1.16^c	7.05 ± 2.71^fg	11.17 ± 2.82^e	13.18 ± 3.04^e
FXA	200 mg/kg, p.o.	1.12 ± 0.06	2.59 ± 0.05	2.39 ± 0.04	2.36 ± 0.07	1.63 ± 0.01
			1.82 ± 1.64^c	14.47 ± 4.31^ef	20.80 ± 2.55^de	24.94 ± 7.76^de
Diclofenac sodium	10 mg/kg, i.p.	1.13 ± 0.08	2.57 ± 0.05	1.63 ± 0.05	1.46 ± 0.08	1.24 ± 0.04
			4.08 ± 2.47^c	67.32 ± 4.25^a	80.54 ± 2.61^a	85.23 ± 7.71^a

FXM F. xanthoxyloides methanol extract, FXH F. xanthoxyloides n-hexanefraction, FXC F. xanthoxyloides chloroform fraction, FXE F. xanthoxyloides ethyl acetate fraction, FXB F. xanthoxyloides n-butanol fraction, FXA F. xanthoxyloides residual aqueous fraction. Data values shown represent mean ± SD (n = 6). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison tests. Percentage inhibition is shown in brackets. Different superscript alphabets in each column indicate difference at P <0.05