Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| ASD | Non‐ASD | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cotwins | Cotwins + Low‐risk | ||
| N | 112 | 101 | 164 |
| Child gender, % male | 83.0 | 52.5a | 61.0a |
| Maternal ethnicity, % white | 96.4 | 96.0 | 96.3 |
| Maternal education, % with A‐level or above | 50.4 | 52.0 | 52.1 |
| Child age in years, M (SD) | 10.04 (1.58) | 9.93 (1.37) | 11.60 (2.45)a |
| M (SD) | 95% CI | M (SD) | 95% CI | M (SD) | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAWBA ASD total impairment | 30.65 (10.77) | 28.64–32.67 | 9.02 (10.30)a | 6.99–11.05 | 8.53 (8.48)a | 7.22–9.84 |
| SAS score | 9.23 (6.54) | 8.00–10.46 | 22.15 (7.79)a | 20.60–23.70 | 22.70 (6.92)a | 21.63–23.77 |
| ADI‐R algorithm total | 39.18 (12.77) | 36.79–41.57 | 10.59 (10.48)a | 8.53–12.66 | ||
| ADOS scoreb | 6.61 (2.45) | 6.15–7.07 | 2.31 (1.85)a | 1.94–2.67 |
Non‐ASD (cotwins): unaffected cotwins of those with ASD; comparison group with ADI‐R/ADOS data. Non‐ASD (cotwins and low‐risk): unaffected cotwins and low‐risk twins (CAST score<12); comparison group with best‐estimate research diagnosis data.
a
p < .001 comparing the ASD group with each non‐ASD group.
b
ADOS comparison scores are calibrated to allow comparison across different modules and ages (Gotham, Pickles, & Lord, 2009).