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. 2015 Apr 30;59(6):1095–1106. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201400803

Figure 5.

Figure 5

CD40L‐stimulated VCAM‐1 protein production in HUVECs co‐incubated with C3G, phenolic metabolites or CD40L controls for 24 h. (A) Cells incubated with or without D1.1 cells (1 × 106 cells/well); (B–G) cells incubated with C3G or phenolic metabolites at 0.1, 1, 10 μM and D1.1 cells (1 × 106 cells/well). All data expressed as mean percentage (± SD, n = 3) of CD40L‐induced controls. ***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA with Tukey post‐hoc) relative to CD40L‐stimulated control. C3G, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside; PCA, protocatechuic acid; PGA, phloroglucinaldehyde; VA, vanillic acid; IVA, isovanillic acid; PCA‐4‐Gluc, PCA‐4‐glucuronide; PCA‐3‐Gluc, PCA‐3‐glucuronide; PCA‐3‐Sulf, PCA‐3‐sulfate; PCA‐4‐Sulf, PCA‐4‐sulfate; VA‐4‐Sulf, VA‐4‐sulfate; IVA‐3‐Sulf, IVA‐3‐sulfate; FA, ferulic acid.