Table III.

Anthropometric measures, lipid profile and type 2 diabetes mellitus biomarkers after 1 month of treatment.

Parameter	Group	Baseline	1 month	t	P-value
Weight (kg)	Control	128.46±15.87	123.86±14.07	−1.779	0.084
	10DF	132.82±17.29	127.93±15.89	−1.968	0.056
	20DF	130.75±15.53	126.00±15.85a	−2.232	0.031
BMI (kg/m2)	Control	75.54±10.72	76.05±9.32	0.375	0.710
	10DF	79.58±12.2	76.40±8.03	−1.894	0.066
	20DF	79.15±10.23	78.38±8.39	−0.517	0.608
Waist circumference (cm)	Control	69.57±8.48	67.27±8.29b	−2.841	0.007
	10DF	65.26±10.20	63.50±9.56a	−2.656	0.012
	20DF	69.49±12.99	68.03±12.52	−1.325	0.193
Hip circumference (cm)	Control	25.65±2.62	24.83±2.83a	−2.715	0.010
	10DF	24.80±2.92	24.16±2.82a	−2.535	0.015
	20DF	25.33±3.96	24.75±3.42	−1.343	0.187
Waist/hip ratio	Control	90.51±8.05	89.95±7.29	−0.677	0.502
	10DF	90.71±9.81	88.18±8.24b	−2.822	0.007
	20DF	91.31±10.96	91.03±9.41	0.088	0.930
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	Control	100.95±7.69	99.08±6.86a	−2.373	0.023
	10DF	100.06±7.05	97.60±7.10b	−3.199	0.003
	20DF	100.58±7.04	100.24±7.14	−0.255	0.800
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	Control	0.90±0.06	0.91±0.05	1.211	0.234
	10DF	0.91±0.06	0.90±0.06	−0.240	0.812
	20DF	0.91±0.06	0.91±0.06	0.448	0.657
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l)	Control	8.12±2.78	7.67±2.87	−1.162	0.253
	10DF	8.26±2.84	7.26±2.94a	−2.684	0.011
	20DF	8.71±2.91	6.13±1.18b	−5.957	<0.001
2-h blood glucose (mmol/l)	Control	12.55±4.39	11.27±4.75a	−2.667	0.011
	10DF	12.50±4.20	9.73±3.81b	−4.409	<0.001
	20DF	12.54±3.88	8.08±2.77b	−7.721	<0.001
Fasting insulin (mU/l)	Control	9.55±7.06	7.43±5.23a	−2.729	0.010
	10DF	9.27±5.75	7.24±4.72a	−2.371	0.023
	20DF	9.81±5.60	7.77±4.17b	−2.819	0.008
2-h insulin (mU/l)	Control	23.78±16.52	20.72±15.92a	−2.446	0.019
	10DF	24.94±23.20	19.72±11.02b	−3.435	0.001
	20DF	24.96±14.72	21.37±11.86b	−4.704	<0.001
HOMA-IR	Control	3.34±2.64	2.56±2.17b	−3.794	0.001
	10DF	3.40±2.59	2.30±1.58b	−3.182	0.003
	20DF	3.92±2.77	2.12±1.29b	−4.678	<0.001
Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml)	Control	2.25±1.03	1.94±0.96	−1.856	0.072
	10DF	2.78±1.57	1.93±0.79b	−3.893	<0.001
	20DF	2.59±1.39	1.96±0.78b	−3.212	0.003
2-h C-peptide (ng/ml)	Control	5.28±4.05	4.28±2.65	−2.008	0.052
	10DF	6.57±4.20	3.59±1.78b	−2.979	0.005
	20DF	6.15±3.01	3.27±2.03b	−1.869	0.004
Glycated albumin (%)	Control	18.84±4.74	17.61±4.35	−1.859	0.071
	10DF	20.00±4.31	15.27±3.81b	−7.361	<0.001
	20DF	20.64±5.35	12.61±1.92b	−8.948	<0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/l)	Control	4.83±2.16	4.81±1.01	−0.039	0.969
	10DF	4.84±1.17	4.93±1.02	0.801	0.428
	20DF	5.07±1.31	4.97±1.10	−0.463	0.646
Triglyceride (mmol/l)	Control	2.08±1.58	2.45±2.80	1.019	0.315
	10DF	2.68±2.68	1.77±1.96b	−2.891	0.006
	20DF	2.40±2.68	1.55±1.21b	−3.177	0.003
HDL (mmol/l)	Control	1.12±0.42	1.02±0.33	−1.457	0.154
	10DF	1.27±0.41	1.18±0.40	−1.896	0.065
	20DF	1.36±0.71	1.12±0.27a	−2.359	0.023
LDL (mmol/l)	Control	2.92±2.71	2.76±1.62	−0.452	0.654
	10DF	2.45±0.74	2.32±0.61	−1.348	0.185
	20DF	2.90±0.80	2.31±0.76b	−4.683	<0.001
Lpa (mg/l)	Control	292.16±258.47	378.35±315.53b	4.210	<0.001
	10DF	311.38±282.61	371.38±207.30a	2.581	0.014
	20DF	313.15±227.88	362.60±186.65b	3.126	0.003
ApoA (g/l)	Control	1.12±0.27	1.04±0.17	−2.013	0.052
	10DF	1.25±0.29	1.19±0.26	−1.315	0.196
	20DF	1.29±0.49	1.20±0.23	−1.165	0.251
ApoB (g/l)	Control	1.02±0.36	0.95±0.42	−1.842	0.074
	10DF	1.30±0.49	1.16±0.59	−1.572	0.124
	20DF	1.52±0.48	1.18±0.35b	−3.627	0.001

Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Significant P-values (P<0.05) are indicated in bold.

^aP<0.05

^bP<0.01 vs. the baseline. 10DF, 10 g/day dietary fiber; 20DF, 20 g/day dietary fiber; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lpa, lipoprotein(a); Apo, apolipoprotein.