Table 1.

Examples of physiology and pathophysiology of vagally dependent visceral functions

Selected vagally dependent gastrointestinal functions	Selected diseases associated with altered vagally dependent functions
Swallowing	Dysphagia and achalasia
Gastric motility, and emptying	Nausea and vomiting
Gastric acid secretion	Delayed gastric emptying and gastroparesis
Receptive relaxation; gastric accommodation	Diabetic gastropathy (Type 1 and 2 diabetes)
Intestinal motility	Functional dyspepsia
Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion	Early satiety
Satiation and regulation of food intake	Gastric ulcers
Cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex	Acute pancreatitis
	Irritable bowel syndrome
	Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease