Table 1.

Concepts measured and tools used in Pre-admission Questionnaire

Concept measured pre admission	Tool used
1. Preference for participation	• Patient Activation Measure (PAM) (Cronbach α = 0.80 and 1.34) [28] • Control Preference Scale (CPS) [29]
2. Baseline characteristics	• Age, sex, previous hospital experience, cultural background, employment status
3. Patient barriers to management of pain	• Pain barriers questionnaire (PBQ) (Cronbach α = 0.73–0.83) [30]