. 2016 Jul 18;16:590. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3275-7

Table 4.

Prevalence of hypertension by gender and by selected metabolic- and behaviour determinants and their associations (Odds Ratio (OR)) with hypertension among 15–64 year old citizens of Myanmar

	Male						Female
		No. (%) with hypertension^a	Model 1^b		Model 2^{c, d}			No. (%) with hypertension^a	Model 1^b		Model 2^{c, d}
	N	No. (%) with hypertension^a	OR (95 % CI) ^b	P-value	OR (95 % CI) ^{c, d}	p-value	N	No. (%) with hypertension^a	OR (95 % CI) ^a	p-value	OR (95 % CI) ^{c, d}	P-value
BMI
Underweight	569	115 (20.1)	0.66 (0.52–0.84)	0,001	0.63 (0.49–0.82)	0,001	736	118 (16.0)	0.55 (0.52–0.83)	<0.001	0.56 (0.44–0.72)	<0.001
Normal weight	1764	487 (27.6)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		2344	581 (24.8)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Overweight	479	245 (51.2)	2.55 (2.05–3.16)	<0.001	2.63 (2.08–3.33)	<0.001	1304	611 (46.9)	2.36 (2.03–2.76)	<0.001	2.31 (1.97–2.72)	<0.001
WC
Normal	2774	819 (29.5)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		3765	967 (25.7)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Male ≥102 cm, female ≥88 cm	44	30 (68.2)	3.64 (1.89–7.00)	<0.001	3.4 (1.77–6.78)	<0.001	617	344 (55.8)	2.83 (2.36–3.4)	<0.001	2.71 (2.23–3.3)	<0.001
Smoking status
Never smoker	1302	358 (27.5)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		3967	1178 (29.7)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Current smoker	1270	389 (30.6)	1.05 (0.88–1.26)	0,58	1.03 (0.86–1.23)	0,719	352	99 (28.2)	0.52 (0.4–0.68)	<0.001	0.53 (0.41–0.69)	<0.001
Former smoker	270	108 (40)	1.25 (0.94–1.67)	0,121	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0,196	98	39 (39.8)	0.76 (0.5–1.1)	0,206	0.77 (0.5–1.18)	0,23
Smokeless tobacco status
Never	1268	385 (30.4)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		3678	1095 (29.7)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Current	1465	427 (29.2)	1.04 (0.88–1.24)	0,638	1.03 (0.84–1.24)	0,67	724	216 (29.8)	0.78 (0.66–0.95)	0,01	0.77 (0.64–0.93)	0,006
Former	109	43 (39.5)	1.45 (0.96–2.21)	0,081	1.41 (0.92–2.15)	0,117	15	6 (40.0)	1.17 (0.39–3.5)	0,769	1.1 (0.37–3.28)	0,863
Daily fruit and veg. use
≥5 servings	286	77 (26.9)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		401	109 (27.2)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
<5 servings	2320	703 (30.3)	1.10 (0.83–1.47)	0,506	1.06 (0.8–1.42)		3696	1104 (29.9)	1.11 (0.87–1.42)	0,381	1.13 (0.88–1.45)	0,332
Oil use
Peanut oil	1184	369 (31.2)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		1873	570 (30.4)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Palm oil	534	179 (33.5)	1.11 (0.89–1.40)	0,357	1.11 (0.87–1.41)	0,406	917	293 (32.0)	1.1 0.92–1.32)	0,266	1.15 (0.95–1.4)	0,159
Mix of peanut and palm oil	326	115 (35.3)	1.09 (0.84–1.43)	0,487	71.08 (0.82–1.43)	0,582	491	160 (32.6)	1.04 (0.83–1.31)	0,693	1.07 (0.85–1.35)	0,543
Sesame oil	532	118 (22.2)	0.59 (0.46–0.76)	<0.001	0.64 (0.49–0.89)	0,001	730	181 (24.8)	0.71 (0.58–0.87)	0,001	0.75 (0.60–0.94)	0,011
Other oil	249	71 (28.5)	0.91 (0.67–1.24)	0,562	0.96 (0.7–1.32)	0,803	377	105 (27.9)	0.87 (0.67–1.12)	0,293	0.89 (0.68–1.16)	0,389
Current alcohol drinkers
Drinkers	891	314 (35.3)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		69	20 (29.0)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Non-drinkers	1951	541 (27.7)	0.58 (0.48–0.69)	<0.001	0.57 (0.48–0.69)	<0.001	4348	1296 (29.8)	0.89 (0.52–1.55)	0,707	0.94 (0.53–1.65)	0,817
Vigorous activity at work
Yes	1167	291 (24.9)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)		664	149 (22.4)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
No	1673	563 (33.6)	1.36 (1.14–1.62)	<0.001	1.33 (1.11–1.59)	0,002	3751	1167 (31.1)	1.35 (1.10–1.66)	0,003	1.33 (1.07–1.64)	0,009

^a SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90, or uses antihypertensive medications; ^bAdjusted for age; ^cBMI and WC are adjusted for age, urban/rural, region, years at school, smoking status, smokeless tobacco status, daily fruit and veg use, oil use, current alcohol drinkers and vigorous activity at work; ^dSmoking status, smokless tobacco status, daily fruit and veg. use, oil use, alcohol and activity at work are adjusted for age, urban/rural, region and years at school