Figure 3.

CCM decreased the release of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-1β, (C) IL-6 and (D) iNOS in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Cells were pretreated with LPS for 0.5 h, followed by incubation with 5 µg/ml CCM for 24 h. The expression level of iNOS was assayed by western blotting of BV2 cells and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture medium were measured using ELISA. The results are the mean ± standard error of three separate experiments performed in triplicate. *P<0.05 vs. the Ctrl; **P<0.05 vs. the LPS group. TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Ctrl, control; CCM, curcumin.