Table II.
LncRNAs associated with cancer.
| Cancer type | lncRNA | Expression | Functions | Ref(s). |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESCC | TUG1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, cell cycle | (11) |
| linc-POU3F3 | ↑ | Promote DNA methylation | (12,13) | |
| Gastric cancer | LINC00152 | ↑ | Promoting cancer progression | (14) |
| GAPLINC | ↑ | Promoting invasion | (15) | |
| PVT1 | ↑ | Promoting lymph node invasion and paclitaxel resistance | (16) | |
| HOTAIR | ↑ | Promoting cancer occurrence and progression | (17) | |
| FENDRR | ↓ | Suppressing invasion, lymphatic metastasis | (18) | |
| AC138128.1 | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (19) | |
| Colorectal cancer | HOTAIR | ↑ | Promoting cancer occurrence, progression | (21,22) |
| lncRNA-422 | ↑ | Promoting cancer progression | (22) | |
| R05532, NR_015441, NR_033374 | ↑ | Promoting radiation resistance | (25) | |
| CASC2 | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (23) | |
| GAS5 | ↓ | Suppressing cell proliferation | (24) | |
| Hepatocellular | UFC1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis | (26) |
| carcinoma | MT1DP | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (27) |
| lncRNA-LET | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (28) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | MALAT1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration and invasion | (29,30) |
| HULC | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion | (31) | |
| BC008363 | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (32) | |
| Gallbladder cancer | lncRNA-LET | ↓ | Suppressing proliferation and invasion | (28) |
| NSCLC | RP11385J1.2, | Unknown | (33) | |
| TUBA4B | Unknown | (33) | ||
| PVT1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion | (34) | |
| HOTAIR | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance | (36,37) | |
| MALAT1 | ↑ | Promoting brain metastasis | (38) | |
| CARLo-5 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion | (39) | |
| Endometrial carcinoma | HOTAIR | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle | (40) |
| CASC2 | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (23) | |
| Cervical cancer | HOTAIR | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion | (41) |
| GAS5 | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (42) | |
| Breast cancer | IRAIN | Aberrantly expressed | (43) | |
| HOTAIR | ↑ | Promoting HER2-enriched subgroup progression | ||
| HOTAIRM1 | ↑ | Promoting basal-like subgroup progression | (44) | |
| BC040587 | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (45) | |
| Ovarian cancer | HOST2 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion | (46) |
| ccRCC | MALAT1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion | (47) |
| SPRY4-IT1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, migration, invasion | (3) | |
| Prostate cancer | ENSG00000261777 | Unknown | (5) | |
| PCA3 | ↑ | Increasing the risk of PCA | (48,50) | |
| C20orf166-AS1 | Unknown | (50) | ||
| RP11-267A15.1 | ||||
| PCAT-1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation | (51) | |
| NEAT1 | ↑ | Promoting cancer progression | (52) | |
| Bladder cancer | GHET1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation and invasion | (53) |
| Glioma | HOTAIR | ↑ | Promoting cell cycle | (54) |
| uc.283-plus | ↑ | Promoting cancer progression | (55) | |
| linc-POU3F3 | ↑ | promoting cell viability and proliferation | (12) | |
| CASC2 | ↓ | Suppressing proliferation, migration, invasion and promoting cell apoptosis | (23) | |
| APL | NEAT1 | ↓ | Promoting myeloid differentiation | (56) |
| Multiple myeloma | MALAT1 | ↑ | Promoting cancer progression | (57) |
| Osteosarcoma | MALAT1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation and metastasis | (58) |
| BC040587 | ↓ | Suppressing cancer progression | (59) | |
| Thyroid carcinoma | BANCR | ↑ | Promoting proliferation, activating autophagy | (60) |
| Melanoma | BANCR | ↑ | Promoting migration | (61) |
| SPRY4-IT1 | ↑ | Promoting proliferation and invasion, suppressing apoptosis | (62) |
↓, downregulated; ↑, upregulated. lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; TUG1, taurine-upregulated gene 1; POU3F3, POU class 3 homeobox 3; GAPLINC, gastric adenocarcinoma predictive long intergenic noncoding RNA; PVT1, plasma-cytoma variant translocation 1; HOTAIR, HOX antisense intergenic RNA; CASC2, cancer susceptibility candidate 2; GAS5, growth arrest-specific transcript 5; UFC1, ubiquitin-fold modifier conjugating enzyme 1; MT1DP, metallothionein 1D pseudogene; LET, low expression in tumor; MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; HULC, hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated long non-coding RNA; TUBA4B, tubulin α 4b; CARLo-5, cancer-associated region lncRNA; PCA3, prostate cancer gene antigen 3; NEAT1, nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1; GHET1, gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1; BANCR, BRAF-activated lncRNA; ESCC, epithelial squamous cell carcinoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; APL, acute promyelocytic leukemia; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.