Table 2.
Early Antecedents of Risks and Resources: Continuous Outcomes, N = 3,016
| Adolescent Health Problems |
Education | Lifetime Smoking |
Family Support |
Friend Support |
Family Strain |
Friend Strain |
Social Integration |
Personal Control |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Life Disadvantage | |||||||||
| Childhood SES | .003 (.020) | −1.293*** (.110) | 2.492*** (.679) | −.049 (.030) | −.113** (.033) | .067* (.029) | −.011 (.026) | −.226*** (.062) | −.128** (.045) |
| Childhood Family Composition | .004 (.016) | .074 (.084) | 1.215* (.607) | −.112*** (.029) | .035 (.026) | .052* (.026) | .004 (.021) | −.041 (.058) | .027 (.037) |
| Rare Abusea | −.014 (.022) | .378* (.146) | .205 (.837) | −.055 (.033) | −.015 (.038) | .180*** (.036) | .071* (.032) | −.055 (.080) | .000 (.056) |
| Frequent Abuse, 1 Typea | .074** (.027) | .170 (.145) | 2.692* (1.043) | −.175*** (.039) | −.066 (.044) | .293*** (.038) | .082* (.035) | −.340*** (.092) | −.183** (.067) |
| Frequent Abuse, 2 Typesa | .158*** (.028) | −.013 (.138) | 3.974*** (.952) | −.393*** (.040) | −.202*** (.045) | .458*** (.040) | .189*** (.037) | −.342*** (.091) | −.418*** (.069) |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age | −.002** (.001) | −.026*** (.004) | .373*** (.030) | .004*** (.001) | .001 (.001) | −.007*** (.001) | −.004*** (.001) | .016*** (.002) | −.010*** (.002) |
| Nonwhite | −.020 (.028) | −.462* (.181) | −4.673*** (.772) | −.019 (.044) | −.107* (.051) | .076 (.045) | .087* (.040) | .005 (.097) | −.035 (.068) |
| Female | .021 (.018) | −.297** (.103) | −6.516*** (.697) | .065* (.026) | .210*** (.029) | .174*** (.026) | −.040 (.023) | .023 (.060) | −.254*** (.043) |
| Constant | .434*** (.042) | 16.047*** (.245) | −6.342*** (1.568) | 3.412*** (.059) | 3.257*** (.071) | 2.027*** (.060) | 2.072*** (.057) | 4.288*** (.147) | 6.316*** (.103) |
| R-squared | .035 | .114 | .144 | .093 | .050 | .125 | .035 | .044 | .067 |
Note: Unstandardized coefficients; robust standard errors are in parentheses.
a
Reference group is no abuse by parents.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001 (two-tailed tests).