Table 1.
Main characteristics of the 16 included studies in the meta-analysis
| Study | Country | Sample | Histology | Follow-up time (month) | Technology | Positive (%) | Cut-off value | Analysis of variance | HR (95% CI) | Language | QS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al20 | People’s Republic of China | 111 | OSCC | NR | IHC | 63 (56.8) | Score ≥4 | Multivariate | 3.12 (1.45–5.08) | English | 6 |
| Fukuda et al21 | Japan | 205 | ESCC | Mean 47.9 (4.5–91.3) | IHC | 104 (50.7) | Score ≥6 | Multivariate | 1.85 (1.20–2.78) | English | 7 |
| Gao et al22 | People’s Republic of China | 124 | GAC | NR | IHC | 46 (37.9) | Score ≥1 | Multivariate | 1.23 (0.67–2.25) | English | 6 |
| Lockney et al11 | America | 115 | PDAC | NR | IHC | 61 (53.0) | Score ≥3 | Multivariate | 0.57 (0.36–0.91) | English | 6 |
| Ogawa et al12 | Japan | 36 | PDAC | NR | IHC | 16 (44.4) | Score ≥5 | Multivariate | 2.16 (0.82–6.10) | English | 7 |
| Yuan et al23 | People’s Republic of China | 63 | TSCC | Mean 46.8 (8–80) | IHC | 42 (66.7) | Score ≥4 | Multivariate | 6.02 (1.51–23.93) | English | 7 |
| Li et al24 | People’s Republic of China | 141 | ESCC | NR | IHC | 59 (41.8) | Score ≥0.75 | Multivariate | 1.21 (0.73–2.03) | English | 7 |
| Guo et al25 | People’s Republic of China | 202 | GAC | Median 30.5 (1–110) | IHC | 126 (62.4) | Score ≥1 | Multivariate | 1.89 (1.21–2.97) | Chinese | 6 |
| Chen et al26,a | People’s Republic of China | 236 | HCC | Median 60.0 (3–74) | IHC | 77 (32.6) | Score ≥1 | Multivariate | 2.22 (1.41–3.50) | English | 6 |
| Chen et al26,b | People’s Republic of China | 205 | HCC | Median 60.0 (3–74) | IHC | 138 (67.3) | Score ≥1 | Multivariate | 1.72 (1.14–2.59) | English | 7 |
| Liu et al27 | People’s Republic of China | 367 | HCC | NR | IHC | 89 (24.3) | Score ≥2 | Multivariate | 1.90 (1.32–2.74) | English | 7 |
| Li et al28,a | People’s Republic of China | 80 | GBAC | Overall 24.0 | IHC | 45 (56.3) | Stained cells ≥25% | Multivariate | 2.21 (1.30–3.76) | English | 6 |
| Li et al28,b | People’s Republic of China | 46 | GBSC/ASC | Overall 24.0 | IHC | 26 (56.5) | Stained cells ≥25% | Multivariate | 2.68 (1.09–6.59) | English | 6 |
| Zhang et al29 | People’s Republic of China | 86 | ESCC | NR | IHC | 61 (70.9) | Score ≥4 | Multivariate | 2.36 (1.16–4.81) | English | 7 |
| Zhan et al30 | People’s Republic of China | 210 | ESCC | Overall 72.0 | IHC | 167 (79.5) | Score ≥4 | Multivariate | 1.75 (1.28–2.40) | English | 7 |
| Dhar et al31 | British | 75 | BTC | NR | IHC | 54 (72.0) | Plasma >24.4 U/mL or Bile >31.7 U/mL | Univariate | 1.87 (1.13–3.09)c | English | 6 |
| Yin et al32 | People’s Republic of China | 142 | GC | Median 32.0 (1–66) | IHC | 111 (78.2) | Score ≥2 | Univariate | 2.20 (1.45–3.28)c | English | 6 |
| Lim et al33 | Korea | 368 | GC | Median 70.6 | IHC | 144 (39.1) | Stained cells ≥25% | Univariate | 1.09 (0.77–1.54) | English | 6 |
Notes:
a
First of two cohorts in this study;
b
second of two cohorts in this study;
c
extrapolated from Kaplan–Meier survival curve.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; QS, quality score; NR, non reported; IHC, immunohistochemisty; K–M, Kaplan–Meier; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GAC, gastric adenocarcinoma; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; TSCC, tongue squamous cell carcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; GBAC, gallbladder adenocarcinoma; GBSC/ASC, gallbladder squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma; BTC, biliary tract cancer; GC, gastric cancer.