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Reports of U-shaped 25(OH)D concentration-PC incidence relations.
| Location | Follow-up period (yrs) | Optimal 25(OH)D concentration (nmol/L) | Adverse higher 25(OH)D concentration (nmol/L) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland, Norway and Sweden | Up to 11, 16, or 24, depending on country | 40–59 | 80 | 21 |
| Finland | Up to 20 | <16.3 | 23.8–33.3 and >45 | 23 |
| Sweden | Up to 14 | <68 | 85–102 | 24 |
| Norway | Up to 25 | 30–69 | >69 | 25 |
| USA | Up to 8 | 58.2–72.9 | >72.9 | 26 |
| France | 13 | >62 | Not given | 27 |
