Table 2.
Results of the 2 observational studies with U-shaped 25(OH)D concentration-CVD risk associations.
| Study Location | Outcome examined | Type of Study | 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | Fraction of Cases | HR (95% CIs) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel | MACS | Historical prospective | >90–100 | 0.05? | HR = 1.08 (1.00–1.11) | 43 |
| MACS | Historical prospective | >100 | 0.03 | HR = 1.13 (1.01–1.21) | 43 | |
| Germany | MACCE | Prospective | >100 | 0.03 | OR = 2.34 (1.12–4.89) | 45 |
| Denmark | CVD mortality | Prospective | <75–100 | 0.12 | MR = 1.10 | 44 |
| CVD mortality | Prospective | >100–125 | 0.04 | MR = 1.44 | 44 | |
| CVD mortality | Prospective | <125 | 0.02 | MR = 1.51 | 44 |
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MACCE, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events during of cardiac surgery or while still at the hospital; MACS, mortality or acute coronary syndrome; MR, mortality rate; OR, odds ratio.