Table 3.
Demographic, health behavior, pregnancy outcome and neighborhood characteristics of women by racial group.a
| Non-Hispanic whites N (%) n = 14531 | Non-Hispanic blacks N (%) n = 8773 | |
|---|---|---|
| Individual-level | ||
| Maternal age | ||
| <20 | 679 (4.7) | 1272 (14.5) |
| 20–24 | 1844 (12.7) | 2541 (29.0) |
| 25–29 | 3834 (26.4) | 2335 (26.6) |
| 30–34 | 5242 (36.1) | 1700 (19.4) |
| 35+ | 2932 (20.2) | 925 (10.5) |
| Maternal education | ||
| <High school | 1101 (7.6) | 1982 (22.7) |
| High school | 2056 (14.2) | 2574 (29.4) |
| >High school | 11,347 (78.2) | 4193 (47.9) |
| Marital Status | ||
| Married | 12,510 (86.1) | 3378 (38.5) |
| Number of previous pregnancies | ||
| 0 | 5643 (38.9) | 2615 (29.9) |
| 1–2 | 6987 (48.2) | 4094 (46.8) |
| 3+ | 1876 (12.9) | 2031 (23.2) |
| Smoker | ||
| Yes | 1192 (8.2) | 884 (10.1) |
| Weight gain during pregnancy | ||
| <15 lbs | 713 (5.0) | 1040 (12.2) |
| 15–39 lbs | 9676 (67.7) | 5300 (62.2) |
| 40 + lbs | 3894 (27.3) | 2178 (25.6) |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | ||
| Yes | 712 (4.9) | 492 (5.6) |
| Term low birthweight | ||
| Yes | 191 (1.4) | 321 (4.2) |
| Preterm birth | ||
| Yes | 1036 (7.1) | 1166 (13.3) |
| Neighborhood level | ||
| Number of block groups | 156 | 156 |
| Physical incivilities | ||
| Mean (SD) | −0.62 (1.3) | 0.57 (2.3) |
| Quartile 1 | 4924 (33.9) | 1732 (19.7) |
| Quartile 2 | 4334 (29.8) | 2031 (23.2) |
| Quartile 3 | 3582 (24.7) | 1668 (19.0) |
| Quartile 4 | 1691 (11.6) | 3342 (38.1) |
| Social Spaces | ||
| Mean (SD) | 0.17 (1.2) | −0.02 (1.2) |
| Quartile 1 | 3043 (20.9) | 2038 (23.2) |
| Quartile 2 | 4539 (31.2) | 2571 (29.3) |
| Quartile 3 | 3431 (23.6) | 2698 (30.8) |
| Quartile 4 | 3518 (24.2) | 1466 (16.7) |
| Walkability | ||
| Mean (SD) | 0.25 (1.5) | 0.17 (1.8) |
| Quartile 1 | 2621 (18.0) | 1880 (21.4) |
| Quartile 2 | 2869 (19.7) | 2299 (26.2) |
| Quartile 3 | 4743 (32.6) | 2227 (25.4) |
| Quartile 4 | 4298 (29.6) | 2367 (27.0) |
| Borders | ||
| Mean (SD) | 0.10 (1.1) | −0.22 (1.3) |
| Quartile 1 | 2704 (18.6) | 2448 (27.9) |
| Quartile 2 | 5375 (37.0) | 2787 (31.8) |
| Quartile 3 | 3179 (21.9) | 2067 (23.6) |
| Quartile 4 | 3273 (22.5) | 1471 (16.8) |
| Arterial features | ||
| Mean (SD) | −0.39 (1.2) | −0.10 (1.2) |
| Quartile 1 | 4024 (27.7) | 1578 (18.0) |
| Quartile 2 | 4513 (31.1) | 2472 (28.2) |
| Quartile 3 | 3532 (24.3) | 2736 (31.2) |
| Quartile 4 | 2462 (16.9) | 1987 (22.7) |
a
Information was missing for the following variables: maternal education (n = 51), marital status (n = 1), number of previous pregnancies (n = 58), smoking status (n = 77), weight gained during pregnancy (n = 503), pih/eclampsia (n = 1), low birthweight (n = 15), preterm birth (n = 9).