Figure 1. PE5 down-regulated enzymes belonging to deregulated metabolic pathways in cancer.

Green, name of the enzymes down-regulated by PE5; blue, metabolites that are the main source of energy for cancer cells depending on their status; blue arrows, catabolic pathways; blue dashed arrows, potential gluconeogenesis not still proved in cancer cells (see text for more details); red arrows, biosynthetic pathways critical for cancer cell grow and division; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; OAA, oxaloacetate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; R5P, ribose-5-phosphate. Enzymes: ACACA, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; ACAT, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; ACL, ATP citrate lyase; ASAH1, N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (acid ceramidase) 1; DHCR24, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase; ENO1, enolase 1, (alpha); FASN, fatty acid synthase; GPT, alanine aminotransferase; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; HADHA, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit; HMGCR, HMG-CoA reductase; HMGCS, HMG-CoA synthase; IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MDH1, malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble); MDH2, malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial); ME1, malic enzyme 1, NADP+-dependent, cytosolic; ME3, malic enzyme 3, NADP+-dependent, mitochondrial; MSMO1, methylsterol monooxygenase 1; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PCCB, propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta polypeptide; PCK2, phophoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial); PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PGAM1, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain); PGM1, phosphoglucomutase 1, PHGDH, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; PK, pyruvate kinase; PSAT1, phosphoserine aminotransferase 1; SPTLC3, serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 3; TM7SF2, transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2.