Table 2. Dysphagia scale based on VFSS findings.

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

VFSS, videofluoroscopic swallowing study; PAS, penetration-aspiration scale; FDS, functional dysphagia scale; oral phase, include section of FDS (lip closure, bolus formation, residue in the oral cavity, oral transit time); pharyngeal phase, include section of FDS (reduced laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure, triggering of pharyngeal swallow delay, residue in the vallecular fossa, residue in the pyriform sinuses, coating of pharyngeal wall after swallow, pharyngeal transit time).

^*p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney U test.