Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and variable definitions
| Variable definitions | Count | Mean | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cereal | Cereal output per hectare (kg) | 522 | 1525.739 | 1388.541 |
| Fcsdaily | Daily food consumption score | 594 | 11.133 | 5.483 |
| Hfood_security | Binary variable = 1 if household is food secure; 0 otherwise (based of household food insecurity access score) | 594 | 0.221 | 0.415 |
| Hdds | Household dietary diversity score | 594 | 7.022 | 2.468 |
| Income | Income from crop sales measured in US$ | 601 | 236.952 | 807.411 |
| Legumeprod | Legume productivity (legume output per hectare measured in kg/ha) | 459 | 1342.412 | 1995.213 |
| Cd_dum | Binary variable = 1 if smallholder farmer practiced crop diversification; 0 otherwise | 575 | 0.805 | 0.396 |
| Extension_dum | Binary variable = 1 if farmer received extension services; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.606 | 0.489 |
| Info_outputprice | Binary variable = 1 if farmer has information regarding output prices in the market; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.641 | 0.480 |
| Roadntwk_good | Binary variable = 1 if the road network is good in the area; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.290 | 0.454 |
| Transport_costlow | Binary variable = 1 if transport costs are relatively low in the area; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.526 | 0.500 |
| Infoaccess_dum | Binary variable = 1 if farmer has easy access to information; 0 otherwise | 599 | 0.743 | 0.437 |
| Househ_resp_hhead | Binary variable = 1 if farmer is the household head; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.567 | 0.496 |
| Househ_male | Binary variable = 1 if male; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.757 | 0.429 |
| Househ_age | Household’s age in years | 595 | 51.447 | 15.520 |
| Househ_age2 | Household’s age squared | 595 | 2887.269 | 1682.320 |
| Educ_secondary | Binary variable = 1 if farmer completed secondary education or more; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.478 | 0.500 |
| Househ_married | Binary variable = 1 if farmer is married; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.744 | 0.437 |
| Househ_num_workers | Number of household workers | 599 | 3.249 | 1.809 |
| Househ_landsize | Size of arable land in hectares | 601 | 2.344 | 2.661 |
| Househ_landsq | Size of arable land squared | 601 | 12.565 | 74.541 |
| Distance_market | Distance to the nearest main crop market in kilometers | 571 | 98.732 | 82.921 |
| Farm_experience | Number of years in farming | 595 | 20.011 | 14.358 |
| Farm_exp2 | Square of number of years in farming | 595 | 606.229 | 749.987 |
| Occupation_farmer | Binary variable = 1 if full-time farmer; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.864 | 0.344 |
| Asset_quintile1 | Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 1 (poorest); 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.201 | 0.401 |
| Asset_quintile2 | Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 2; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.200 | 0.400 |
| Asset_quintile3 | Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 3; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.200 | 0.400 |
| Asset_quintile4 | Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 4; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.200 | 0.400 |
| Asset_quintile5 | Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 5 (richest); 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.200 | 0.400 |
| Wedza | Binary variable = 1 if farmer lives in Wedza district; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.198 | 0.399 |
| Mudzi | Binary variable = 1 if farmer lives in Mudzi district; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.200 | 0.400 |
| Guruve | Binary variable = 1 if farmer lives in Guruve district; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.311 | 0.463 |
| Goromonzi | Binary variable = 1 if farmers lives in Goromonzi district; 0 otherwise | 601 | 0.291 | 0.455 |