Table 2. Effects on BIS and OAA/S and Hemodynamics of Intranasal and Intravenous Dexmedetomidine.

	Group C (n=27)	Group IN1 (n=26)	Group IN2 (n=28)	Group IV (n=27)
BIS values before induction	96 (93-97)	90 (88-94)*	78 (73-84)*†	84 (82-86)*†‡
OAA/S scores before induction	5 (5-5)	5 (4-5)*	4 (4-4)*†	4 (4-5)*‡
Bradycardia requiring treatment	1	0	1	3
Hypotension requiring treatment	0	0	1	0

BIS, bispectral index; OAA/S, observer assessment of alertness/sedation; IN1, intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg; IN2, intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg; IV, intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg.

Data are median (interquartile ranges) or number.

^*p<0.0083 vs. group C, ^†p<0.0083 vs. group IN1, ^‡p<0.0083 vs. group IN2.