Table 3. Induction Phase (from the Start of TCI Propofol to the End of TCI Remifentanil).
Group C (n=27) | Group IN1 (n=26) | Group IN2 (n=28) | Group IV (n=27) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Induction time (min) | 10.0 (9.0-11.0) | 9.5 (7-11) | 8 (7-10)* | 8 (8-10)* |
Propofol concentration reaching preset BIS value (µg/mL) | 3.8 (3.6-4.0) | 2.9 (2.6-3.0)* | 1.6 (1.4-2.1)*† | 2.2 (1.7-2.4)*†‡ |
Number of patients required atropine | 3 | 2 | 3 | 12*†‡ |
Number of patients required phenylephrine | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
TCI, target-controlled infusion; BIS, bispectral index; IN1, intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg; IN2, intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg; IV, intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg.
Data are median (interquartile ranges) or number.
*p<0.0083 vs. group C, †p<0.0083 vs. group IN1, ‡p<0.0083 vs. group IN2.