Table 5. Postoperative Phase.

	Group C (n=27)	Group IN1 (n=26)	Group IN2 (n=28)	Group IV (n=27)
Extubation time (min)	10±3	10±4	9±3	9±3
Time to VAS >3 at rest (min)	25 (15-50)	35 (20-65)	90 (65-100)*†	75 (45-95)*†
Postoperative sufentanil requirements in the first 24 h (µg)	76 (64-82)	57 (56-88)	45 (34-58)*†	56 (50-57)*†‡

VAS, visual analogue scale; IN1, intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg; IN2, intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg; IV, intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg.

Data are mean±SD or median (interquartile ranges).

^*p<0.0083 vs. group C, ^†p<0.0083 vs. group IN1, ^‡p<0.0083 vs. group IN2.