Figure 2.

Short-term and long-term effects of social defeat on social avoidance in mice of different ages (Mean/SEM). The bars indicate the mean social interaction ratios, calculated as the ratio of the time spent in the interaction zone with the target compound discrimination (CD)-1 mice to the time spent in the interaction zone without the target CD-1 mice. (A) Mice were tested shortly (1 day) after the last stress exposure. (B) Mice were tested after 6 weeks. ^#p < 0.05 compared with the late adolescent controls. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the corresponding age controls.