Table 3. Characteristics of output factors.
| Mean occupancy rates | Average ED occupancy rates | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low crowd Group (LC) < 0.50 n = 73 |
Middle crowd Group (MC) 0.50-1.00 n = 37 |
High crowded Group (HC) 1.00 ≤ n = 10 |
Overall n = 120 |
||
| Hospital beds | 477 (380-557) | 736 (608-897) | 833 (736-1435) | 553 (407-796) | < 0.001 |
| Occupancy, % | 85.6 (79.4-91.4) | 90.6 (86.7-94.4) | 93.3 (91.7-95.4) | 89.3 (82.0-93.9) | 0.002 |
| Occupancy by emergency, % | 26.3 (14.3-36.8) | 36.2 (28.7-45.3) | 41.0 (32.6-46.2) | 32.5 (20.7-40.7) | < 0.001 |
| Ratio (elective/emergency) | 2.04 (1.30-4.66) | 1.66 (1.00-2.35) | 1.28 (1.03-1.65) | 1.77 (1.16-3.06) | 0.119 |
| ED disposition | |||||
| Discharge, % | 76.9 (73.2-82.8) | 75.0 (63.0-80.2) | 69.2 (54.2-75.7) | 76.5 (67.4-81.3) | 0.001 |
| Discharge after transfer, % | 28.4 (21.2-36.9) | 38.0 (28.8-43.9) | 37.0 (35.1-40.6) | 33.9 (24.0-40.6) | < 0.001 |
| Trauma discharge, % | 79.1 (71.4-86.2) | 81.1 (72.8-87.3) | 79.6 (67.1-90.0) | 80.1 (71.1-87.0) | 0.531 |
| Unstable patient discharge, % | 43.2 (30.2-61.8) | 57.4 (44.1-66.6) | 45.2 (39.9-52.6) | 50.0 (33.8-63.8) | 0.224 |
| Transfer, % | 0.89 (0.46-1.62) | 1.33 (0.57-3.35) | 3.09 (2.01-6.00) | 0.99 (0.54-2.01) | < 0.001 |
| Re-transfer after transfer, % | 2.07 (1.16-3.50) | 3.32 (1.34-6.98) | 6.94 (5.31-11.2) | 2.49 (1.27-5.28) | 0.031 |
| Trauma transfer, % | 1.01 (0.47-2.10) | 2.04 (0.69-6.08) | 4.84 (3.53-9.55) | 1.48 (0.54-2.96) | < 0.001 |
| Unstable patient transfer, % | 2.42 (1.25-5.78) | 2.03 (1.30-3.60) | 5.06 (3.14-6.95) | 2.39 (1.39-5.50) | 0.058 |
| Admission, % | 17.1 (14.3-21.9) | 20.9 (16.2-33.6) | 25.7 (19.4-34.2) | 18.8 (15.2-24.8) | 0.002 |
| Admission after transfer, % | 2.07 (1.16-3.50) | 3.32 (1.35-6.98) | 6.94 (5.31-11.2) | 2.49 (1.27-5.28) | 0.031 |
| Trauma admission, % | 18.2 (11.2-22.3) | 12.8 (8.14-20.1) | 14.6 (6.73-18.5) | 15.5 (6.73-18.5) | 0.011 |
| Unstable patient admission, % | 33.9 (24.8-43.2) | 36.0 (26.9-41.5) | 35.0 (31.2-41.9) | 34.3 (25.9-42.9) | 0.895 |
| Death, % | 0.90 (0.65-1.21) | 1.33 (0.98-1.96) | 1.85 (1.68-2.72) | 1.02 (0.74-1.65) | < 0.001 |
| Death after transfer, % | 2.77 (1.45-4.00) | 3.10 (2.11-4.06) | 3.66 (2.49-4.63) | 2.91 (1.61-4.09) | 0.364 |
| Death of injured, % | 0.56 (0.38-0.78) | 0.91 (0.43-1.56) | 0.87 (0.36-1.94) | 0.62 (0.38-0.97) | 0.001 |
| Death of unstable patient, % | 12.8 (6.38-18.5) | 9.08 (4.99-11.2) | 6.82 (5.58-12.8) | 10.1 (5.71-17.5) | 0.022 |
All figures were given in median and interquartile range.
P for trend was calculated based on volume-bed ratio as continuous variable.