Table 2. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of factors associated with hospital admission in the past 12 months among age 15 or above, stratified by (a) those without multimorbidity (No or 1 chronic disease only) and (b) those with multimorbidity (2 or more chronic diseases) using generalized estimating equations based on negative binomial regression.
| Variables | (a) Without multimorbidity |
(b) With multimorbidity |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Male | 0.959 | (0.856–1.075) | 1.461 | (1.286–1.660)++ |
| Age | ||||
| 15–24* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 25–34 | 1.721 | (1.274–2.324)++ | 0.713 | (0.323–1.572) |
| 35–44 | 1.428 | (1.035–1.972)+ | 0.621 | (0.330–1.169) |
| 45–54 | 1.468 | (1.063–2.028)+ | 1.048 | (0.630–1.742) |
| 55–64 | 1.587 | (1.138–2.213)+ | 0.922 | (0.559–1.519) |
| 65 or above | 2.575 | (1.837–3.610)++ | 0.746 | (0.449–1.240) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Married | 1.996 | (1.624–2.453)++ | 0.917 | (0.706–1.191) |
| Divorced/Separated | 4.107 | (3.150–5.355)++ | 0.941 | (0.654–1.352) |
| Widowed | 2.173 | (1.627–2.903)++ | 1.058 | (0.791–1.416) |
| Educational Attainment | ||||
| Kindergarten or below* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Primary | 0.927 | (0.741–1.160) | 0.835 | (0.716–0.974)+ |
| Secondary | 0.783 | (0.620–0.989)+ | 0.717 | (0.597–0.860)++ |
| Tertiary or above | 1.065 | (0.816–1.389) | 0.792 | (0.608–1.031) |
| Migrant Status | ||||
| Born in Hong Kong* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Mainland China/Macau (≥7 years) | 1.224 | (1.081–1.386)++ | 1.123 | (0.985–1.279) |
| Mainland China/Macau (<7 years) | 1.459 | (1.110–1.917)+ | 1.578 | (0.926–2.688) |
| Others (≥7 years) | 1.285 | (0.925–1.786) | 1.214 | (0.845–1.746) |
| Others (<7 years) | 1.816 | (1.113–2.963)+ | NA (n = 3) | |
| Employment Status | ||||
| Employed* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Non-employment | 1.361 | (1.183–1.566)++ | 2.033 | (1.636–2.528)++ |
| Household Income | ||||
| <10,000* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 10,000–19,999 | 1.275 | (1.080–1.504)+ | 1.166 | (1.002–1.356)+ |
| 20,000–29,999 | 0.983 | (0.815–1.185) | 1.138 | (0.946–1.368) |
| 30,000–39,999 | 0.830 | (0.665–1.036) | 1.117 | (0.903–1.382) |
| 40,000–49,999 | 0.947 | (0.739–1.215) | 1.054 | (0.779–1.424) |
| >=50000 | 0.847 | (0.673–1.067) | 1.193 | (0.916–1.553) |
| Medical benefits and insurance | ||||
| Not insured* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Insured | 1.635 | (1.438–1.859)++ | 0.960 | (0.809–1.139) |
| Regular Source of Primary Care | ||||
| No* | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| General Practitioner | 0.963 | (0.851–1.090) | 0.772 | (0.667–0.894)++ |
| Family Physician | 0.833 | (0.570–1.219) | 0.997 | (0.736–1.351) |
| Other Specialists | 1.981 | (1.246–3.149)+ | 1.619 | (1.256–2.087)++ |
+p < 0.05; ++p < 0.001.
*Reference category.