Table 4.
Factors and items from the proposed scale and original factors
| Factors and Items from the proposed scale | Original Factors [19] |
|---|---|
| Healthy Eating Guidance (HEG) | |
| HEG1. Do you encourage this child to eat healthy foods before unhealthy ones? a | Encourage Balance and Variety |
| HEG2. I encourage my child to try new foods.b | Encourage Balance and Variety |
| HEG3. I tell my child that healthy food tastes good.b | Encourage Balance and Variety |
| HEG4. I encourage my child to eat a variety of foods.b | Encourage Balance and Variety |
| HEG5. Most of the food I keep in the house is healthy.b | Environment |
| HEG6. A variety of healthy foods are available to my child at each meal served at home.b | Environment |
| HEG7. I involve my child in planning family meals.b | Involvement |
| HEG8. I allow my child to help prepare family meals.b | Involvement |
| HEG9. I encourage my child to participate in grocery shopping.b | Involvement |
| HEG10. I model healthy eating for my child by eating healthy foods myself.b | Modeling |
| HEG11. I try to eat healthy foods in front of my child, even if they are not my favorite.b | Modeling |
| HEG12. I try to show enthusiasm about eating healthy foods.b | Modeling |
| HEG13. I show my child how much I enjoy eating healthy foods.b | Modeling |
| HEG14. I discuss with my child why it’s important to eat healthy foods.b | Teaching about Nutrition |
| HEG15. I discuss with my child the nutritional value of foods.b | Teaching about Nutrition |
| HEG16. I tell my child what to eat and what not to eat without explanation.R b | Teaching about Nutrition |
| Monitoring (M) | |
| M1. How much do you keep track of the sweets (candy, ice cream, cake, pies, pastries) that your child eats?a | Monitoring |
| M2. How much do you keep track of the snack food (potato chips, Doritos, cheese puffs) that your child eats?a | Monitoring |
| M3. How much do you keep track of the high-fat foods that your child eats?a | Monitoring |
| M4. How much do you keep track of the sugary drinks (soda/pop, kool-aid) this child drinks?a | Monitoring |
| Restriction for Weight Control (RWC) | |
| RWC1. I encourage my child to eat less so he/she won’t get fat.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| RWC2. I give my child small helpings at meals to control his/her weight.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| RWC3. If my child eats more than usual at one meal, I try to restrict his/her eating at the next meal.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| RWC4. I restrict the food my child eats that might make him/her fat.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| RWC5. There are certain foods my child shouldn’t eat because they will make him/her fat.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| RWC6. I don’t allow my child to eat between meals because I don’t want him/her to get fat.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| RWC7. I often put my child on a diet to control his/her weight.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| Restriction for Health (RH) | |
| RH1. If I did not guide or regulate my child’s eating, s/he would eat too much of his/her favorite foods.b | Restriction for Health |
| RH2. If I did not guide or regulate my child’s eating, he/she would eat too many junk foods.b | Restriction for Health |
| RH3. I have to be sure that my child does not eat too much of his/her favorite foods.b | Restriction for Health |
| RH4. I have to be sure that my child does not eat too many sweets (candy, ice cream, cake, or pastries).b | Restriction for Health |
| RH5. I have to be sure that my child does not eat too many high-fat foods.b | Restriction for Weight Control |
| Emotion Regulation/ Food as Reward (ERFR) | |
| ERFR1. When this child gets fussy, is giving him/her something to eat or drink the first thing you do?a | Emotion Regulation |
| ERFR2. Do you give this child something to eat or drink if s/he is bored even if you think s/he is not hungry?a | Emotion Regulation |
| ERFR3. Do you give this child something to eat or drink if s/he is upset even if you think s/he is not hungry?a | Emotion Regulation |
| ERFR4. I offer sweets (candy, ice cream, cake, pastries) to my child as a reward for good behavior.b | Food as Reward |
| ERFR5. I withhold sweets/dessert from my child in response to bad behavior.b | Food as Reward |
| ERFR6. I offer my child his/her favorite foods in exchange for good behavior.b | Food as Reward |
| Pressure (P) | |
| P1. My child should always eat all of the food on his/her plate.b | Pressure |
| P2. If my child says, “I’m not hungry,” I try to get him/her to eat anyway.b | Pressure |
| P3. If my child eats only a small helping, I try to get him/her to eat more.b | Pressure |
| P4. When he/she says he/she is finished eating, I try to get my child to eat one more (two more, etc.) bites of food.b | Pressure |
| Excluded Items | |
| 1. Do you let your child eat whatever s/he wants?a | Child Control |
| 2. At dinner, do you let this child choose the foods s/he wants from what is served?a | Child Control |
| 3. If this child does not like what is being served, do you make something else?a | Child Control |
| 4. Do you allow this child to eat snacks whenever s/he wants?a | Child Control |
| 5. Do you allow this child to leave the table when s/he is full, even if your family is not done eating?a | Child Control |
| 14. I keep a lot of snack food (potato chips, Doritos, cheese puffs) in my house.b | Environment |
| 16. I keep a lot of sweets (candy, ice cream, cake, pies, pastries) in my house.b | Environment |
Note. Numbers correspond to the original items’ order in: Musher-Eizenman D, Holub S. Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire: validation of a new measure of parental feeding practices. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32(8):960-72 [23]. Items marked with a a utilize a 5-point-likert scale “never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always”. Items marked with b utilize a 5-point-likert scale “disagree, slightly disagree, neutral, slightly agree, agree”. Items marked with an R were reverse coded