Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline characteristics
| Omnibus test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n (%) | Mean (s.d.) | χ2/F | p |
| Gender | χ21 = 0.923 | 0.52 | ||
| Female | 13 (25) | |||
| Male | 39 (75) | |||
| Age, years | 42.35 (9.55) | F1,51 = 3.165 | 0.08 | |
| Years of education | 12.23 (1.79) | F1,51 = 0.596 | 0.44 | |
| Education level | χ21 = 0.202 | 0.90 | ||
| Low | 28 (53.8) | |||
| Middle | 17 (32.7) | |||
| High | 28 (13.5) | |||
| Living conditions | ||||
| Independently | 30 (57.7) | |||
| Sheltered home | 16 (30.8) | |||
| Long-stay department | 6 (11.5) | |||
| Age of onset, years | 19.46 (4.68) | F1,51 = 2.848 | 0.10 | |
| Duration of untreated psychosis, months | 35.04 (39.80) | F1,51 = 0.818 | 0.37 | |
| Duration of illness, years | 22.88 (7.99) | F1,51 = 1.24 | 0.27 | |
| Alcohol use | 18 (34.6) | χ21 = 0.000 | 1.00 | |
| Cannabis use | 9 (17.3) | χ21 = 1.209 | 0.47 | |
| Cocaine use | 1 (1.9) | χ21 = 1.020 | 1.00 | |
| Amphetamine use | 1 (1.9) | χ21 = 1.020 | 1.00 | |
| Clozapine daily dose, mg | 350.00 (182.84) | F1,51 = 0.171 | 0.68 | |
| Clozapine monotherapy (single antipsychotic) | 36 (69.2) | χ21 = 2.342 | 0.22 | |
| Combination clozapine + second antipsychotic a | 16 (30.8) | χ21 = 3.250 | 0.13 | |
| Combination clozapine + antidepressant | 30 (57.7) | χ21 = 0.315 | 0.78 | |
| Combination clozapine + mood stabilizer b | 6 (11.5) | χ21 = 3.014 | 0.19 | |
| Combination clozapine + benzodiazepine | 18 (34.6) | χ21 = 0.000 | 1.00 | |
| Psychotherapy during past 6 months | 4 (7.7) | χ21 = 0.000 | 1.00 | |
| Family members or partners involved in the study | 26 (50.0) | χ21 = 4.600 | 0.47 | |
| Expected improvement due to memantine | 3.50 (0.918) | F1,51 = 0.818 | 0.37 | |
| None | 2 (3.8) | |||
| Very little | 3 (5.8) | |||
| Little | 20 (38.5) | |||
| Much | 21 (40.4) | |||
| Very much | 6 (11.5) | |||
| Expected improvement in personal hygiene | 2.19 (1.37) | χ24 = 4.671 | 0.46 | |
| Expected improvement in personal relationships | 2.75 (1.17) | χ24 = 3.444 | 0.49 | |
| Expected improvement in daily activities | 3.00 (1.21) | χ24 = 12.600 | 0.01 | |
| Expected improvement in living conditions | 2.35 (1.27) | χ24 = 11.200 | 0.04 | |
| Expected improvement in finances | 1.83 (1.18) | χ24 = 3.586 | 0.17 | |
s.d., Standard deviation.
a
Eleven patients received aripiprazole, two patients received quetiapine, one patient received olanzapine and one patient received zuclopenthixol acetate.
b
Four patients received valproate and two patients received lithium.