The role of macrophages in the inflammatory response to the engineered cartilage in vivo. Immunofluorescent staining of CD68 (green) and CD206 (red) colocalized with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained nuclei (blue) after 2 (A–H), 4 (I–P), and 8 (Q–X) weeks after implantation. (Y, Z): Quantitative comparison of CD68- and CD206-positive cells among the groups of BMSCs, 1:1, chondrocytes, and PGA/PLA. Scale bars = 50 μm. ∗, p < .05 (statistically different from other groups). Abbreviations: ACs, articular chondrocytes; BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; PGA, polyglycolic acid; PLA, polylactic acid; W, weeks.