Figure 5.

In vitro coculture of engineered cartilage and activated macrophage for 24 hours. (A): Coculturing of different groups of engineered cartilage with macrophages in a transwell system. (B, C): Comparison of the protein concentrations of the proinflammatory factor IL-1β (B) and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (C) secreted by macrophages in the supernatant among different coculture groups. (E–M): After coculturing with different engineered cartilage for 24 hours, macrophages were immunofluorescent stained of CD68 (green) (E–H) and CD206 (red) (I–L), and their positive fractions were calculated (M). Scale bars = 50 μm. ∗, p < .05 (statistically different from other groups). Abbreviations: ACs, articular chondrocytes; BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-10, interleukin 10; MΦ, macrophages.